CCL5
C-C motif chemokine 5 precursor (EoCP) (Eosinophil chemotactic cytokine) (SIS-delta) (Small-inducible cytokine A5) (T cell-specific protein P228) (TCP228) (T-cell-specific protein RANTES) [Contains: RANTES(3-68); RANTES(4-68)] [D17S136E] [SCYA5]
PublicationsПравить
Chagas disease is endemic in Latin America and still represents an important public health problem in the region. Chronic cardiomyopathy is the most significant chronic form due to its association with morbidity and mortality. The last decade has seen increasing evidence that inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are responsible for the generation of inflammatory infiltrate and tissue damage, with chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy patients presenting a pro-inflammatory immune response. Although studies have evaluated the role of chemokines in experimental T. cruzi infection, few have addressed their systemic profile, especially for human infection and in aging populations. The present work aimed to use the data from a large population based study of older adults, conducted in an endemic area for Chagas disease, to examine the association between serum levels of cytokines and chemokines, T. cruzi infection and electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormality. The present work evaluated serum levels of CCL2, CXCL9, CXCL10, CCL5, CXCL8, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF, IL-12 and IL-10 by Flow Cytometric Bead Array assay (CBA) and the results expressed in pg/ml. The baseline survey started in January 1st 1997, with 1284 participants of an aged population-based cohort. Participants signed an informed consent at baseline and at each subsequent visit and authorized death certificate and medical records verification. Our results demonstrated that Chagas disease patients had higher serum levels of CXCL9, CXCL10 and IL-1β and lower serum levels of CCL5 than non-infected subjects. Moreover, our data demonstrated that CXCL9 and CXCL10 increased in an age-dependent profile in Chagas disease patients. Together, this study provided evidences that serum biomarkers increase along the age continuum and may have potential implications for establishing clinical management protocols and therapeutic intervention in Chagas disease patients.
MeSH Terms
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Aging
- Biomarkers
- Brazil
- Chagas Disease
- Chemokine CXCL10
- Chemokine CXCL9
- Cohort Studies
- Electrocardiography
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Trypanosoma cruzi
Keywords
- Chagas disease
- Chemokines
- Cohort
- Cytokines
- Immune biomarkers
As a fundamental aging mechanism, cellular senescence causes chronic inflammation via the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Theca-interstitial cells are an essential but little-studied component of follicle development in the ovarian microenvironment. In the present study, we observed significant cellular senescence in theca-interstitial cells and secretion of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) by these cells during aging. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate whether and how senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)-associated CCL5 may be involved in follicle development. Increased levels of CCL5 in the microenvironment of follicles attenuated preantral follicle growth, survival, and estradiol secretion. Oocyte maturation and the expression of zona pellucida 3 and differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) were also inhibited by CCL5. Granulosa cell apoptosis in follicles was promoted by CCL5, accompanied by the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB by CCL5 and inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway. These results suggest that SASP-associated CCL5 produced by senescent theca-interstitial cells may impair follicle development and maturation during ovarian aging by promoting granulosa cell apoptosis.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Cellular Senescence
- Chemokine CCL5
- Estrogens
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Granulosa Cells
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Ovarian Follicle
- Theca Cells
Keywords
- CCL5
- SASP
- follicle development
- ovarian aging
- theca-interstitial cell
Analyze whether inflammatory markers are associated with falls among older adults living in Bambuí. Study that analyzed baseline data from a Bambuí Cohort Study of Aging, involving 1,250 participants. Data about falls were collected from previous 12 months, classified as single or multiple occurrence and severity (participant seeking health services). Information about sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors and health condition was also collected and used as confounding factors. The exposures of interest included interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein (us-CRP) and chemokines (CXCL9, CCL5, CCL10, MCP1). Data were processed through logistic regression, obtaining odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). The prevalence of falls was 27.1%; 40.1% of the older adults reported multiple falls and 33.3% sought health services. After adjustments, the following elevated levels were associated with falls: us-CRP (OR = 1.46, 95%CI 1.04-2.03), CCL5 (OR = 1.38, 95%CI 1.01-1.90) and CXCL9 (OR = 1.43, 95%CI 1.02-2.02). An association was observed between the number of elevated markers and the occurrence of falls: two (OR = 1.47, 95%CI 1.02-2.12) and three (OR = 2.08, 95%CI 1.12-3.87) elevated biomarkers indicated fall probability of 32.0% and 39.4%, respectively. Elevated levels of us-CRP, CCL5 and CXCL9, which were associated with falls, may contribute to a proper understanding of the mechanism associated with the occurrence of falls among older people.
MeSH Terms
- Accidental Falls
- Aged
- Aging
- Biomarkers
- Body Mass Index
- Brazil
- Chemokines
- Educational Status
- Female
- Humans
- Interleukins
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Nutritional Status
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Prospective Studies
- Risk Factors
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Individual lifespans vary widely, and longevity is the main concern from ancient to modern times. This study is aimed to identify plasma proteins associated with longevity by proteomics technique. Tandem mass tags (TMT)-based proteomics analysis is performed for the plasma of Bama longevity group and a control group to analyze the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). A validation set is used to verify the results of TMT-based proteomics. Between Bama natives and the control individuals, the authors identify 175 DEPs, which are mainly involved in complement and coagulation cascades, metabolism of glyco and lipid, and regulation of actin cytoskeleton. Consistent with the proteomic analysis, plasma levels of MMP2, CCL5, and PF4 are significantly lower in Bama participants than in controls, whereas IGFBP2 and C9 increase in Bama individuals, in the validation set. By ROC analysis, combinations of these five proteins result in a high AUC value (0.991, 95% CI, 0.929-1.000, p < 0.0001) to distinguish longevous participants from controls. The results highlight the roles of complement and coagulation cascades, metabolism of glyco and lipid, and inflammatory and immune response may play important roles in longevity. And the DEPs may serve as clinically useful biomarkers for healthy aging and predicting longevity.
MeSH Terms
- Adult
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers
- Blood Proteins
- Female
- Humans
- Longevity
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Proteomics
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Keywords
- TMT
- bama longevity hotspot
- complement and coagulation cascades
- gluconeogenesis/glycolysis
- proteomics
Individuals in the geriatric age range are more prone than younger individuals to convert their partial thickness thermal burns into full thickness injuries. We hypothesized that this often observed clinical phenomenon is strongly related to differential local injury responses mediated by the immune system. Skin samples from areas with partial thickness thermal burns were obtained during routine excision and grafting procedures between post burn days 2-6. Tissue samples were grouped by age ranges with young patients defined as <30 years of age or aged patients defined as >65. Formalin fixed samples were used to confirm depth of burn injury and companion sections were homogenized for multiplex analysis using a Luminex platform. Immunohistochemical staining was used to quantify total macrophage numbers as well as the M1 and M2 subpopulations. Our analysis includes samples derived from 11 young subjects (mean age=23) and 3 aged subjects (mean age=79.2). Our initial survey of analytes examined 31 cytokines/chemokines. Twelve were excluded from consideration as they were present in concentrations either above or below the optimal detection range. Two analytes emerged as candidate molecules with significant differences between the young and the aged patient responses to burn injury. EGF levels were on average 21.69pg/ml in young vs 14.87pg/ml in aged (p=0.032). RANTES/CCL5 levels were on average 14.86pg/ml in young vs 4.26pg/ml in aged (p=0.026). Elevated macrophage numbers were present within wounds of younger patients compared to the old (p<0.01), with a higher concentration of the M1 type in the elderly (p>0.05). Our study has identified at least 2 well known cytokines, CCL5 (RANTES) and EGF, which are differentially regulated in response to burn injury by young versus aged burn victims. Evidence suggests that a proinflammatory environment can explain the high conversion rate from partial to full thickness burns. Our data suggest the need for future studies at the point of injury (cutaneous targets) that may be modulated by post burn release of cytokines/chemokines.
MeSH Terms
- Age Factors
- Aged
- Burns
- Chemokine CCL5
- Cytokines
- Epidermal Growth Factor
- Female
- Humans
- Macrophages
- Male
- Young Adult
Keywords
- Aging
- Angiogenesis
- Burn
- Burn response
- CCL5
- Chemokine
- EGF
- Elderly
- Immune mediators
- Inflammation
- M1/M2
- MAC 387
- Macrophages
- RANTES
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infections worldwide. Diagnosing UTIs in older adults poses a significant challenge as asymptomatic colonization is common. Identification of a noninvasive profile that predicts likelihood of progressing from urine colonization to severe disease would provide a significant advantage in clinical practice. We monitored colonization susceptibility, disease severity, and immune response to two uropathogens in two mouse strains across three age groups to identify predictors of infection outcome. [i]Proteus mirabilis[/i] caused more severe disease than [i]Escherichia coli[/i], regardless of mouse strain or age, and was associated with differences in interleukin-1β (IL-1β), beta interferon (IFN-β), CXCL5 (LIX), CCL5 (RANTES), and CCL2 (MCP-1). In a comparison of responses to infection across age groups, mature adult mice were better able to control colonization and prevent progression to kidney colonization and bacteremia than young or aged mice, regardless of mouse strain or bacterial species, and this was associated with differences in IL-23, CXCL1, and CCL5. A bimodal distribution was noted for urine colonization, which was strongly associated with bladder CFU counts and the magnitude of the immune response but independent of age or disease severity. To determine the value of urine cytokine and chemokine levels for predicting severe disease, all infection data sets were combined and subjected to a series of logistic regressions. A multivariate model incorporating IL-1β, CXCL1, and CCL2 had strong predictive value for identifying mice that did not develop kidney colonization or bacteremia, regardless of mouse genetic background, age, infecting bacterial species, or urine bacterial burden. In conclusion, urine cytokine profiles could potentially serve as a noninvasive decision support tool in clinical practice and contribute to antimicrobial stewardship.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Bacteremia
- Biomarkers
- Chemokines
- Colony Count, Microbial
- Cytokines
- Disease Models, Animal
- Escherichia coli
- Escherichia coli Infections
- Kidney
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Proteus Infections
- Proteus mirabilis
- Severity of Illness Index
- Urinary Tract Infections
Keywords
- CAUTI
- Escherichia coli
- Proteus mirabilis
- UTI
- aging
- bacteremia
- chemokine
- cytokine
- pyelonephritis
- urinary tract infection
During immunosenescence many proinflammatory markers such as cytokines and chemokines are increased. This process called by Franceschi and colleagues as inflammaging is associated with chronic inflammation and the ethiology and pathophysiolgy of many ageing diseases as Alzheimer's and atherosclerosis. The knowledge of immune profile during ageing may provide some interventions that would improve the immune function in elderly and quality of life for old people. However, the identification of a group of potential biomarkers to monitor the ageing process is very difficult. In addition, most of the evidence evaluating immune biomarkers profile is based on data from older Caucasian adults. To our knowledge, no previous Latin American old population-based cohort has evaluated immunological parameters along the ageing process. The present work evaluated CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CCL2, CCL5, IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, TNF and IL-10 serum levels in 1494 older adults aged 60 to 95 from a population based ageing cohort in Brazil. Our data suggest that there is an increased positive predicted probability of participants to be a high producer of IL-6, CXCL8 and CXCL9. Moreover, results did not differ between men and women, except for CXCL10 that increased only in men. Results were not different in the adjusted model by many potential confounders, including African genomic ancestry. Together, these findings add novel insights about the immunologic aspects of ageing supported by a large population-based cohort study that provides evidences that corroborate with the inflammaging proposal and subsidize the establishment of biomarkers for monitoring the health status of aged population.
MeSH Terms
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Aging
- Biomarkers
- Brazil
- Chemokine CXCL10
- Chemokine CXCL9
- Cohort Studies
- Female
- Humans
- Immunosenescence
- Interleukin-6
- Interleukin-8
- Logistic Models
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Sex Factors
Keywords
- Ageing
- Biomarkers
- CXCL8
- CXCL9
- Gender
- IL-6
- Population-based cohort
Inflammation, particularly elevated IL-6 serum levels, has been associated with increased mortality risk, mostly in Caucasians. The influence of genetic ethno-racial background on this association is unknown. We examined associations between baseline serum levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and other cytokines (IL1-2, TNF, IL-10, and IL1β) and chemokines (CCL2, CCL5, CXCL8, CXCL9 and CXCL10) with 15-year mortality in 1,191 admixed Brazilians aged 60years and over. Elevated IL6 level (but not other biomarkers) was associated with increased risk of deaths with fully adjusted hazard ratios of 1.51 (95% CI=1.15, 1.97), 1.54 (95% CI=1.20, 1.96) and 1.79 (95% CI=1.40, 2.29) for the 2nd, 3rd and the highest quartiles, respectively. Genomic African and Native American proportions did not modify the association (p>0.05). The discriminatory ability to predict death of a model based on IL-6 alone was similar as that of a comprehensive morbidity score (C statistics=0.59 and 0.60, respectively). The abilities of IL-6 and the morbidity score models to predict death remained stable for very long term after the baseline measurement. Our results indicate that genome-based African and Native American ancestries have no impact on the prognostic value of IL-6 for mortality.
MeSH Terms
- African Continental Ancestry Group
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Aging
- Biomarkers
- Brazil
- Cause of Death
- Chemokine CCL5
- Chemokine CXCL9
- Chemokines
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Indians, North American
- Interleukin-6
- Interleukin-8
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Prognosis
- Proportional Hazards Models
- Risk Assessment
- Risk Factors
- Time Factors
Keywords
- Admixed population
- Chemokines
- Cytokines
- Genomic ancestry
- Inflammatory markers
- Interleukin-6
- Mortality
The concept of age-dependent host control of cancer development raises the natural question of how these effects manifest across the host tissue/organ types with which a tumor interacts, one important component of which is the aging immune system. To investigate this, changes in the spleen, an immune nexus in the mouse, was examined for its age-dependent interactive influence on the carcinogenesis process. The model is the C57BL/6 male mice (adolescent, young adult, middle-aged, and old or 68, 143, 551 and 736 days old respectively) with and without a syngeneic murine tumor implant. Through global transcriptome analysis, immune-related functions were found to be key regulators in the spleen associated with tumor progression as a function of age with CD2, CD3ε, CCL19, and CCL5 being the key molecules involved. Surprisingly, other than CCL5, all key factors and immune-related functions were not active in spleens from non-tumor bearing old mice. Our findings of age-dependent tumor-spleen signaling interaction suggest the existence of a global role of the aging host in carcinogenesis. Suggested is a new avenue for therapeutic improvement that capitalizes on the pervasive role of host aging in dictating the course of this disease.
MeSH Terms
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Cell Proliferation
- Disease Progression
- Humans
- Mice
- Neoplasms
- Signal Transduction
- Spleen
- Tumor Microenvironment
Keywords
- CD2
- CD3e
- Gerotarget
- aging and cancer
- tumor microenvironment
- tumor progression
Human ageing affects the immune system resulting in an overall decline in immunocompetence. Although all immune cells are affected during aging, the functional capacity of T cells is most influenced and is linked to decreased responsiveness to infections and impaired differentiation. We studied age-related changes in DNA methylation and gene expression in CD4 and CD8 T cells from younger and older individuals. We observed marked difference between T cell subsets, with increased number of methylation changes and higher methylome variation in CD8 T cells with age. The majority of age-related hypermethylated sites were located at CpG islands of silent genes and enriched for repressive histone marks. Specifically, in CD8 T cell subset we identified strong inverse correlation between methylation and expression levels in genes associated with T cell mediated immune response (LGALS1, IFNG, CCL5, GZMH, CCR7, CD27 and CD248) and differentiation (SATB1, TCF7, BCL11B and RUNX3). Our results thus suggest the link between age-related epigenetic changes and impaired T cell function.
MeSH Terms
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Aging
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Lineage
- CpG Islands
- DNA Methylation
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Histone Code
- Humans
- Immunity
- Middle Aged
- Transcription, Genetic
- Young Adult
Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains exhibit plaques and tangles in association with inflammation. The non-receptor tyrosine kinase Abl is linked to neuro-inflammation in AD. Abl inhibition by nilotinib or bosutinib facilitates amyloid clearance and may decrease inflammation. Transgenic mice that express Dutch, Iowa and Swedish APP mutations (TgAPP) and display progressive Aβ plaque deposition were treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) to determine pre-plaque effects on systemic and CNS inflammation using milliplex® ELISA. Plaque Aβ was detected at 4months in TgAPP and pre-plaque intracellular Aβ accumulation (2.5months) was associated with changes of cytokines and chemokines prior to detection of glial changes. Plaque formation correlated with increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1α, IL-1β) and markers of immunosuppressive and adaptive immunity, including, IL-4, IL-10, IL-2, IL-3, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and IFN-γ. An inverse relationship of chemokines was observed as CCL2 and CCL5 were lower than WT mice at 2months and significantly increased after plaque appearance, while soluble CX3CL1 decreased. A change in glial profile was only robustly detected at 6months in Tg-APP mice and TKIs reduced astrocyte and dendritic cell number with no effects on microglia, suggesting alteration of brain immunity. Nilotinib decreased blood and brain cytokines and chemokines and increased CX3CL1. Bosutinib increased brain and blood IL-10 and CX3CL1, suggesting a protective role for soluble CX3CL1. Taken together these data suggest that TKIs regulate systemic and CNS immunity and may be useful treatments in early AD through dual effects on amyloid clearance and immune modulation.
MeSH Terms
- Aging
- Amyloid beta-Peptides
- Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor
- Aniline Compounds
- Animals
- Astrocytes
- Brain
- Cytokines
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme Inhibitors
- Female
- Humans
- Intracellular Space
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microglia
- Neuroimmunomodulation
- Nitriles
- Peptide Fragments
- Plaque, Amyloid
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
- Pyrimidines
- Quinolines
Keywords
- CX3CL1
- bosutinib
- inflammation
- nilotinib
- plaque
The mechanisms of kidney aging are not yet clear. Studies have shown that immunological inflammation is related to kidney aging. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are one of the receptor types of the body's innate immune system. The function of the TLR system and the mechanisms by which it functions in renal aging remain unclear. In the present study, we, for the first time, systematically investigated the role of the TLR system and the inflammation responses activated by TLRs during kidney aging. We used western blot and immunohistochemistry to systematically analyze the changes in the expression and activation of the endogenous TLR ligands HSP70 and HMGB1, the TLRs (TLR1-TLR11), their downstream signaling pathway molecules MyD88 and Phospho-IRF-3, and the NF-κB signaling pathway molecules Phospho-IKKβ, Phospho-IκBα (NF-κB inhibition factor α), NF-κBp65, and Phospho-NF-κBp65 (activated NF-κB p65) in the kidneys of 3 months old (youth group), 12 months old (middle age group), and 24 months old (elderly group) rats. We used RT-qPCR to detect the mRNA expression changes of the proinflammatory cytokines CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CD80, TNF-α, and IL-12b in the rat renal tissues of the various age groups. We found that during kidney aging, the HSP70 and HMGB1 expression levels were significantly increased, and the expression levels of TLR1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 11 and their downstream signaling pathway molecules MyD88 and Phospho-IRF-3 were markedly elevated. Further studies have shown that in the aging kidneys, the expression levels of the NF-κB signaling pathway molecules Phospho-IKKβ, Phospho-IκBα, NF-κBp65, and Phospho-NF-κBp65 were obviously increased, and those of the proinflammatory cytokines CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CD80, TNF-α, and IL-12b were significantly upregulated. These results showed that the TLR system might play an important role during the kidney aging process maybe by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway and promoting the high expression of inflammation factors.
MeSH Terms
- Aging
- Animals
- Kidney
- Male
- NF-kappa B
- Phosphorylation
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred F344
- Signal Transduction
- Toll-Like Receptors
Cancer is an age-associated disease. Although the mechanisms of age-associated increase in cancer incidence are not completely understood, it is believed that the tumor stromal environment significantly influences epithelial malignancy. Fibroblasts are a major cell type in the stroma and, under normal conditions, fibroblasts reside in the quiescent state. Cellular quiescence is a reversible process where cells enter into the proliferative cycle and then exit back to quiescence. We have shown previously that quiescent fibroblasts lose their proliferative capacity as they age, and we defined this mode of cellular aging as chronological life span. Using conditioned media and co-culture experiments, results from this study show that normal human fibroblasts (NHFs) nearing the end of their chronological life span stimulate the proliferation of MB231 and MCF7 human breast epithelial cancer cells. Chemokine C-C motif ligand 5 (CCL5) expression was found to be approximately 8-fold higher in old compared to that in young quiescent NHFs, which correlated with an increase in the ERK1/2-cyclin D1 pro-proliferative pathway in MB231 cells. Conditioned media treated with anti-CCL5 antibody suppressed the activation of the ERK1/2-cyclin D1 pathway and proliferation of MB231 cells. Hydroxytyrosol, a dietary polyphenol and an active ingredient of olive, inhibited CCL5 expression in aging quiescent NHFs. This inhibition was associated with NHFs inability to activate the ERK1/2-cyclin D1 pathway and enhance proliferation of MB231 cells. These results show that fibroblasts nearing the end of their chronological life span promote proliferation of human breast epithelial cancer cells and dietary polyphenols inhibit this process.
MeSH Terms
- Aging
- Antioxidants
- Breast Neoplasms
- Cell Proliferation
- Chemokine CCL5
- Female
- Fibroblasts
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Phenylethyl Alcohol
- RNA, Neoplasm
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
The abundance of a preselection of transcripts involved in inflammation, immunosenescence and stress response was compared between PBMC of healthy aged donors and aged patients in acute phase of heart failure and at recovery. This study identified 22 transcripts differentially abundant in acute phase of heart failure versus healthy aged subjects. Transcripts involved in inflammation and oxidative stress were more abundant. Those associated with T-cell functions were less abundant. The results were compared to two other major acute geriatric issues: infectious diseases and hip fracture. In acute phase, compared to healthy aged subjects, the abundance of 15/22 transcripts was also altered in both geriatric infectious diseases and hip fracture. Many variations had not vanished at the recovery phase. The abundance of CD28, CD69, LCK, HMOX1, TNFRSF1A transcripts, known to be altered in healthy aged versus healthy young subjects, was further affected in acute phase of the three geriatric diseases considered. The transcript levels of BCL2, CASP8, CCL5, [[DDIT3]], EGR3, IL10RB, IL1R2, SERPINB2 and TIMP1 were affected in all three pathological conditions compared to healthy aged, but not versus healthy young subjects. In conclusion, this work provides critical targets for therapeutic research on geriatric heart failure, infectious diseases and hip fracture.
MeSH Terms
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Aging
- Biomarkers
- Communicable Diseases
- Female
- Heart Failure
- Hip Fractures
- Hospitalization
- Humans
- Male
- Neutrophils
- Transcription, Genetic
Age-associated thymic involution is characterized by decreased thymopoiesis, adipocyte deposition and changes in the expression of various thymic microenvironmental factors. In this work, we characterized the distribution of fat-storing cells within the aging thymus. We found an increase of unilocular adipocytes, ERTR7( ) and CCR5( )fat-storing multilocular cells in the thymic septa and parenchymal regions, thus suggesting that mesenchymal cells could be immigrating and differentiating in the aging thymus. We verified that the expression of CCR5 and its ligands, CCL3, CCL4 and CCL5, were increased in the thymus with age. Hypothesizing that the increased expression of chemokines and the CCR5 receptor may play a role in adipocyte recruitment and/or differentiation within the aging thymus, we examined the potential role for CCR5 signaling on adipocyte physiology using 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte cell line. Increased expression of the adipocyte differentiation markers, PPARgamma2 and aP2 in 3T3-L1 cells was observed under treatment with CCR5 ligands. Moreover, 3T3-L1 cells demonstrated an ability to migrate in vitro in response to CCR5 ligands. We believe that the increased presence of fat-storing cells expressing CCR5 within the aging thymus strongly suggests that these cells may be an active component of the thymic stromal cell compartment in the physiology of thymic aging. Moreover, we found that adipocyte differentiation appear to be influenced by the proinflammatory chemokines, CCL3, CCL4 and CCL5.
MeSH Terms
- 3T3-L1 Cells
- Adipocytes
- Aging
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Movement
- Chemokine CCL3
- Chemokine CCL4
- Chemokine CCL5
- Immunohistochemistry
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Receptors, CCR5
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Thymus Gland
Keywords
- adipocyte
- adipokines
- aging
- chemokines
- chemotaxis
- differentiation
- involution
- thymus