FBN1
Fibrillin-1 precursor [Contains: Asprosin] [FBN]
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The lack of high-throughput methods to analyze the adipose tissue protein composition limits our understanding of the protein networks responsible for age and diet related metabolic response. We have developed an approach using multiple-dimension liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and extended multiplexing (24 biological samples) with tandem mass tags (TMT) labeling to analyze proteomes of epididymal adipose tissues isolated from mice fed either low or high fat diet for a short or a long-term, and from mice that aged on low [i]versus[/i] high fat diets. The peripheral metabolic health (as measured by body weight, adiposity, plasma fasting glucose, insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol levels, and glucose and insulin tolerance tests) deteriorated with diet and advancing age, with long-term high fat diet exposure being the worst. In response to short-term high fat diet, 43 proteins representing lipid metabolism ([i]e.g.[/i] AACS, ACOX1, ACLY) and red-ox pathways ([i]e.g.[/i] CPD2, CYP2E, SOD3) were significantly altered (FDR < 10%). Long-term high fat diet significantly altered 55 proteins associated with immune response ([i]e.g.[/i] IGTB2, IFIT3, LGALS1) and rennin angiotensin system ([i]e.g.[/i] ENPEP, CMA1, CPA3, ANPEP). Age-related changes on low fat diet significantly altered only 18 proteins representing mainly urea cycle ([i]e.g.[/i] OTC, ARG1, CPS1), and amino acid biosynthesis ([i]e.g.[/i] GMT, AKR1C6). Surprisingly, high fat diet driven age-related changes culminated with alterations in 155 proteins involving primarily the urea cycle ([i]e.g.[/i] ARG1, CPS1), immune response/complement activation ([i]e.g.[/i] C3, C4b, C8, C9, CFB, CFH, FGA), extracellular remodeling ([i]e.g.[/i] EFEMP1, FBN1, FBN2, LTBP4, FERMT2, ECM1, EMILIN2, ITIH3) and apoptosis ([i]e.g.[/i] YAP1, HIP1, NDRG1, PRKCD, MUL1) pathways. Using our adipose tissue tailored approach we have identified both age-related and high fat diet specific proteomic signatures highlighting a pronounced involvement of arginine metabolism in response to advancing age, and branched chain amino acid metabolism in early response to high fat feeding. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD005953.
MeSH Terms
- Adipose Tissue
- Aging
- Animals
- Diet, High-Fat
- Epididymis
- Gene Regulatory Networks
- Immunoblotting
- Male
- Mass Spectrometry
- Metabolic Networks and Pathways
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Proteome
- Proteomics
- Reproducibility of Results
- Sample Size
Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a rare connective tissue disorder caused by mutation in the gene encoding the extracellular matrix protein fibrillin-1 (FBN1), leading to transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling dysregulation. Although decreased axial and peripheral bone mineral density (BMD) has been reported in adults with MFS, data about the evolution of bone mass during childhood and adolescence are limited. The aim of the present study was to evaluate bone and muscle characteristics in children, adolescents, and young adults with MFS. The study population included 48 children and young adults (22 girls) with MFS with a median age of 11.9 years (range 5.3 to 25.2 years). The axial skeleton was analyzed at the lumbar spine using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), whereas the appendicular skeleton (hand) was evaluated using the BoneXpert system (with the calculation of the Bone Health Index). Muscle mass was measured by DXA. Compared with healthy age-matched controls, bone mass at the axial and appendicular levels and muscle mass were decreased in children with MFS and worsened from childhood to adulthood. Vitamin D deficiency (<50 nmol/L) was found in about a quarter of patients. Serum vitamin D levels were negatively correlated with age and positively correlated with lumbar spine areal and volumetric BMD. Lean body mass (LBM) Z-scores were positively associated with total body bone mineral content (TB-BMC) Z-scores, and LBM was an independent predictor of TB-BMC values, suggesting that muscle hypoplasia could explain at least in part the bone loss in MFS. Patients with a FBN1 premature termination codon mutation had a more severe musculoskeletal phenotype than patients with an inframe mutation, suggesting the involvement of TGF-β signaling dysregulation in the pathophysiologic mechanisms. In light of these results, we recommend that measurement of bone mineral status should be part of the longitudinal clinical investigation of MFS children.
MeSH Terms
- Absorptiometry, Photon
- Adult
- Aging
- Bone Density
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Codon, Terminator
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Female
- Fibrillin-1
- Fibrillins
- Follow-Up Studies
- Genotype
- Humans
- Male
- Marfan Syndrome
- Microfilament Proteins
- Muscle, Skeletal
- Spine
Keywords
- BONE MINERAL DENSITY
- DXA
- FIBRILLIN-1
- MARFAN SYNDROME
- PUBERTY
- TGF-β
Marfan syndrome is a disorder of the connective tissue that is inherited in an autosomal-dominant fashion and that is caused by mutations in the gene coding for fibrillin-1, FBN1. Although complications of the syndrome may involve the eye, the lung and the skeleton, the high mortality of untreated cases results almost exclusively from cardiovascular complications, including aortic dissection, rupture and mitral valve regurgitation. The multiorgan involvement of many of these syndromes requires multidisciplinary expert centers that can increase the average life expectancy of affected patients from only 32 years to over 60 years. The present article both reviews classical standards of managing cardiovascular manifestations and highlights the surgical approach for aortic and mitral valve surgery in Marfan patients.
MeSH Terms
- Adrenergic beta-Antagonists
- Aneurysm, Dissecting
- Aorta
- Aortic Aneurysm
- Aortic Rupture
- Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Connective Tissue
- Fibrillin-1
- Fibrillins
- Humans
- Interdisciplinary Communication
- Life Expectancy
- Marfan Syndrome
- Microfilament Proteins
- Mitral Valve Insufficiency
- Mutation
- Patient-Centered Care
- Practice Patterns, Physicians'
Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a connective tissue disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance. Advances in medicine and surgery have increased the average lifespan of classically affected patients. Serious visual and/or musculoskeletal impairment often has detrimental effects on day-to-day activities and quality of life. MFS patients suffer from many problems at younger ages and with higher frequencies than the general population because of the degenerative nature of the genetic condition. In classical MFS, changes are caused by mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene (FBN1). Mutations in the fibrillin-2 gene were discovered in individuals with a phenotypically related disorder, congenital contractural arachnodactyly. Some of the clinical manifestations of MFS cannot be explained by mechanical properties alone. Recently, mutations in the genes required for transforming growth factor-beta signaling (TGFBR1 and TGFBR2) have been found in several disorders with varying degrees of overlap with classical MFS, including Loeys-Dietz syndrome and familial thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections. MFS is a disorder that is variable in its phenotypic expression. Specific information about mutations in the large FBN1 gene will give rise to more information about the phenotype-genotype correlations. Possible molecular mechanisms for the pathogenesis of MFS will be discussed which may assist healthcare professionals to control environmental factors that provoke individual complications in MFS.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Humans
- Life Expectancy
- Loeys-Dietz Syndrome
- Marfan Syndrome