Artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence (also AI) refers to a software construct capable of near-human, human, or super-human levels of intelligence.[1] Defining characteristics of any AI include machine learning.
AI is currently a major industry growth area and frequently used as a buzzword, similar to jargon such as 'big data'.
Open source projects to develop AI include OpenAI and OpenCog.
Types of AI
There are various types of AI which can generally be broken down into two categories; Weak AI and Strong AI.
TechnoPedia describes the differences between the two as; "Weak artificial intelligence is a form of AI specifically designed to be focused on a narrow task and to seem very intelligent at it. It contrasts with strong AI, in which an AI is capable of all and any cognitive functions that a human may have, and is in essence no different than a real human mind." [2]
In popular culture
AI has been featured heavily in many sci-fi films including A.I., Transcendence, Ex Machina and Avengers: Age of Ultron
Ethics and social impact
Lower left: Concerns related to the (moral or legal) treatment of AIs in the near term. See PETRL for some speculative ideas.
Upper right: Concerns relating to artificial superintelligence and the AI Control Problem. MIRI mainly works on this corner.
Lower right: FRI works on strategies to reduce suffering in the far-future, including the suffering of digital beings. (Some of their work bleeds into the top right corner as well.)
There are many different ethical concerns related to AI, which can best be understood by plotting them across two axes: time scale and agent vs. subject.
TODO: expand
Sources
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2976444
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1wAgBaJgEsg
https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.06565
https://howwegettonext.com/when-does-an-artificial-intelligence-become-a-person-477c6bc3fdf3
https://www.reddit.com/r/AIethics/comments/4y2pof/machine_ethics_reading_list/
