Редактирование: Cognition in nonhuman animals (раздел)

== Mammals ==

=== Primates ===



<i>Notable individuals</i>: [[Azy]], [[Fu Manchu]], [[Kanzy]], [[Koko]], [[Ndume]], [[Nim Chimpsky]], [[Nyota]], [[Sandra]], [[Washoe]]

=== Horses ===

Horses have been experimentally demonstrated to be able to anticipate their comfort in the future and use symbol boards to communicate their preferences accordingly.<ref name="horses-symbols-1">Cecilie M. Mejdell, Turid Buvik, Grete H.M. Jørgensen, Knut E. Bøe. (November 2016). "Horses can learn to use symbols to communicate their preferences".  <i>Applied Animal Behaviour Science</i>. <b>184</b>: 66-73. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2016.07.014]</ref>

=== Dogs ===

Dogs are capable of recognizing their own scent in unfamiliar situations and will spend substantially less time investigating it, a difference that develops with age,<ref name="dogs-scent-1">Cazzolla Gatti, Roberto.  (November 2015).  "Self-consciousness: beyond the looking-glass and what dogs found there".  <i>Ethology Ecology & Evolution</i>.  <b>28</b>: 232-240.  doi:[https://doi.org/10.1080/03949370.2015.1102777]</ref>  which has been cited as evidence of a capacity for self-recognition.  They also experience contagious yawning with other dogs and humans, with a bias towards familiar humans, indicating some empathic capacity.<ref name="dogs-yawn-1">Romero T, Konno A, Hasegawa T.  (August 2013).  "Familiarity Bias and Physiological Responses in Contagious Yawning by Dogs Support Link to Empathy". <i>PLOS ONE</i> <b>8(8)</b>: e71365. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0071365]</ref>

=== Seals ===

<i>Notable individuals</i>:  [[Hoover]]

=== Cetaceans ===

=== Raccoons ===

<ref name="raccoons-1">Pettit, Michael: [https://www.apa.org/monitor/2010/11/raccoon.aspx Raccoon intelligence at the borderlands of science], <i>American Psychological Association Monitor on Psychology</i>, November 2010.</ref>

<i>Notable individuals</i>:  [[Melanie]]

=== Elephants ===

Elephants have observed mourning their own deceased,<ref name="elephants-grief-1">[https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/animal-emotions/200910/grief-in-animals-its-arrogant-think-were-the-only-animals-who-mourn Grief in animals: It's arrogant to think we're the only animals who mourn] by Marc Bekoff Ph.D., <i>Psychology Today</i>, October 29, 2009</ref> as well as humans.<ref name="elephants-grief-2">[https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/animal-emotions/201203/elephants-mourn-loss-elephant-whisperer-lawrence-anthony Elephants Mourn Loss of "Elephant Whisperer" Lawrence Anthony] by Marc Bekoff Ph.D., <i>Psychology Today</i>, March 07, 2012</ref>

When Asian elephants (<i>Elephas maximus</i>) were tested, one individual (a female named [[Happy]]) investigated a mark made on her head using the mirror, and did not investigate a similar mark made with colorless paint.<ref name="elephants-mirror-1">().  "".  <i></i>.  <b></b>.  doi:[]</ref>

<i>Notable individuals</i>: [[Batyr]], [[Happy]]
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