PVR
Poliovirus receptor precursor (Nectin-like protein 5) (NECL-5) (CD155 antigen) [PVS]
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Age is often estimated using teeth because numerous external and internal changes appear due to aging. The purpose of this study was to investigate an age estimation method based on the volume ratio of the internal structure of the crown. 61 maxillary first premolars and 50 maxillary second premolars from subjects aged 20-79 years old were used. Micro CT, which can be used to analyze teeth in a non-destructive manner with high sensitivity, was employed in the present study. In consideration of individual differences among subjects, the volume ratio was calculated for the following four items: The pulp chamber was calculated separately based on the presence of enamel.In order to estimate age, regression analysis was conducted with the actual age as the dependent variable and each volume ratio as the independent variable. As a result, the highest correlation was found with PVR (E ) for each measurement item. Therefore, the regression equation using the volume change of the maxillary premolar crown as an index was as follows: Age = -12.43 × 4: PVR (E ) 69.85. Age = -12.94 × 5: PVR (E ) 72.54.
MeSH Terms
- Adult
- Age Determination by Teeth
- Aged
- Aging
- Bicuspid
- Dental Enamel
- Dental Pulp Cavity
- Female
- Forensic Dentistry
- Humans
- Male
- Maxilla
- Middle Aged
- Tooth Crown
- X-Ray Microtomography
- Young Adult
Keywords
- Age estimation
- Forensic odontology
- Maxillary premolar
- Micro CT
- Pulp chamber
Extravascular lung water (EVLW) increases in healthy adults upon exposure to high altitude, likely due to increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). Older individuals experience increased PVR during exercise, which may be exacerbated by trekking at high altitude. This study aimed to determine whether EVLW development is greater in older versus younger adults during graded altitude exposure. Fourteen younger (32 ± 6y) and 12 older (58 ± 5y) healthy adults completed an 11-day trek of Mount Kilimanjaro. EVLW was assessed at rest via comet tails prior to the trek in Moshi (950 m), at Shira Camp (3505 m), at Barafu Camp (4837 m), and post-descent. An increase in altitude from Baseline to Barafu tended to increase the proportion of participants with mild EVLW (p = 0.06). A higher proportion of older versus younger individuals tended to show mild EVLW at Barafu (56 vs. 14%, p = 0.06). In conclusion, EVLW formation may be more common in older adults trekking at high altitude. However, the presence of EVLW in older adults was subclinical.
MeSH Terms
- Adult
- Aging
- Altitude
- Extravascular Lung Water
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Pulmonary Edema
- Tanzania
- Time Factors
- Vascular Resistance
- Young Adult
Keywords
- Acclimatization
- B-lines
- Exercise
- Extravascular lung water
To describe the natural history of post-void residual urine volume (PVR) in community-dwelling older men. The Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project involves a representative sample of community-dwelling men aged 70 and older in a defined geographic area of Sydney, Australia. PVR were measured at baseline and 2-year and 5-year follow-up. The measurements were considered valid when the voided volumes were 150 mL and over. Three-hundred twenty-nine men without conditions that are likely to alter PVR (neurological disorders, prostate cancer, and a history of urological treatment) were included in the analyses. Baseline PVR were 0-49 mL in 183 men, 50-99 mL in 59 men, 100-199 mL in 72 men, 200-399 mL in 11 men, and 400 mL and over in 4 men. Thirteen out of 314 (4%) men with a baseline PVR of 0-199 mL and 2 out of 11 (18%) men with a baseline PVR of 200-399 mL had surgery for benign prostate enlargement (BPE) or indwelling catheterization over 5 years compared to three out of four men (75%) with a PVR of 400 mL and over. In all 101 men with a baseline PVR of less than 400 mL who did not receive urological treatment during follow-up and had valid PVR data for both 2-year and 5-year follow-up, PVR did not exceed 400 mL at either follow-up time point. Conservative management may be appropriate for most older men with incidentally found elevated PVR of up to 400 mL.
MeSH Terms
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Aging
- Australia
- Disease Progression
- Humans
- Independent Living
- Male
- Prostatic Hyperplasia
- Urinary Bladder
- Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction
Keywords
- longitudinal studies
- natural history
- older men
- post-void residual urine volume
- underactive bladder
Recognition of tumor cells by the immune system is a key step in cancer eradication. Melphalan is an alkylating agent routinely used in the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma (MM), but at therapeutic doses it leads to an immunosuppressive state due to lymphopenia. Here, we used a mouse model of MM to investigate the ability of [i]in vivo[/i] treatment with low doses of melphalan to modulate natural killer (NK) cell activity, which have been shown to play a major role in the control of MM growth. Melphalan treatment was able to enhance the surface expression of the stress-induced NKG2D ligands RAE-1 and MULT-1, and of the DNAM-1 ligand PVR (CD155) on MM cells, leading to better tumor cell recognition and killing by NK cells, as highlighted by NK cell increased degranulation triggered by melphalan-treated tumor cells. Remarkably, NK cell population was not affected by the melphalan dose used, but rather displayed activation features as indicated by CD107a and CD69 expression. Furthermore, we showed that low doses of melphalan fail to induce tumor cell apoptosis, but promote the [i]in vivo[/i] establishment of a senescent tumor cell population, harboring high levels of the stress-induced ligands RAE-1 and PVR. Taken together our data support the concept of using chemotherapy in order to boost antitumor innate immune responses and report the possibility to induce cellular senescence of tumor cells [i]in vivo[/i].
Keywords
- DNAM-1
- NKG2D
- immunomodulation
- melphalan
- multiple myeloma
- natural killer cell
- senescence
Keratoacanthoma (KA) is a self-limiting epidermal tumor for which histopathological examination sometimes suggests malignancy. Based on inconsistent clinical views, KA can be regarded as both a benign tumor and a variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Aberrant DNA methylation frequently occurs in malignant tumors but it scarcely occurs in benign tumors. Whether aberrant methylation occurs in KA has not been previously examined. The aim is to elucidate whether aberrant methylation of CpG islands (CGI) containing a high density of cytosine-guanine dinucleotide (CpG) sites occurs in KA. Five SCC cell lines, two cultured samples of normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs), 18 clinical SCC samples, and 21 clinical KA samples were analyzed with Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChips, quantitative real-time methylation-specific PCR (RT-MSP) and/or bisulfite sequencing. Genome-wide analyses of NHEK, KA, and SCC indicated that there was a greater number of aberrantly hypermethylated CGIs in SCC than in KA and there were aberrantly hypermethylated CGIs which are common in both. Among the common hypermethylated CGIs, RT-MSP and bisulfite sequencing targeting CGIs located on CCDC17, PVR, and MAP3K11 gene bodies also showed that methylation levels were significantly higher in KA than in normal epidermis. Statistical analyses suggested that the methylation level of CGI located on PVR in SCC might be correlated to lymph node metastasis (P = 0.013, Mann-Whitney U test) and that the methylation level of CGI in MAP3K11 in KA might be correlated to age (P = 0.031, linear regression analysis). Aberrant DNA methylation occurs in KA.
MeSH Terms
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Aging
- Cell Line, Tumor
- CpG Islands
- DNA Methylation
- Female
- Genomics
- Humans
- Keratoacanthoma
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Male
- Middle Aged
To compare the safety and efficacy of PAE for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in men ≥75 years, who we defined as elderly, to those <75 years. A total of 157 patients diagnosed with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to BPH underwent PAE. Group A (n = 52) included patients ≥75 years, and group B (n = 105) included patients <75 years. Follow-up was performed using the International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL), peak urinary flow rate (Q max), post-void residual volume (PVR), the International Index of Erectile Function short form (IIEF-5), prostatic-specific antigen (PSA), and prostate volume (PV), at 1, 3, 6, and every 6 months thereafter. More coexistent systemic diseases were identified in group A than in group B (P < 0.05). Technical success rate of PAE was 90.4 % in group A and 95.2 % in group B (P = 0.06). A total of 147 patients had completed the follow-up with a mean of 20 months. Compared with the baseline, there were significant improvements in IPSS, QoL, Q max, PV, PVR, and PSA in both groups after PAE. There were no significant differences in the changes of IPSS, Q max, PVR, PSA, and IIEF-5 between groups after PAE. No major complications were noted. PAE could be used as an effective, safe, and well tolerable method in the treatment of elderly symptomatic BPH patients, similarly to younger patients, and it may play an important role in patients in whom medical therapy has failed, who are at high surgical and anesthetic risk or who refuse the standard surgical therapy.
MeSH Terms
- Age Factors
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Arteries
- Embolization, Therapeutic
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prospective Studies
- Prostate
- Prostatic Hyperplasia
Keywords
- Aging disease
- Angiography
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
- Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)
- Prostatic artery embolization (PAE)
Patients often experience adverse events (AEs) after intravesical onabotulinumtoxinA (BoNT-A) treatment for overactive bladder refractory to antimuscarinic agents. We investigated the prevalence and predictive factors of AEs in such patients. A total of 290 patients underwent intravesical BoNT-A (100 U) suburothelial injection. The age, gender, overactive bladder subtypes, medical co-morbidities, and neurological diseases of the patients were recorded. The maximum flow rate (Q ), voided volume, post-void residual (PVR) volume, and voiding efficiency (VE) at baseline were analyzed to identify adverse events within 3 months after treatment. Acute urinary retention (AUR) developed in 24 patients (8.3%), and urinary tract infection (UTI) occurred in 44 (15.2%) within 3 months of treatment. Large PVR volume (>200 ml) occurred in 81 (27.9%), 68 (24.3%), and 49 (18.4%) patients 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment, respectively. AUR developed significantly more often in men, patients >61 years old, those with a baseline Q ≤15 ml/sec, PVR ≥100 ml, and VE <90%. Patients older than 61 years had a higher incidence of large PVR 1 month after treatment. Female gender and a baseline PVR volume ≥100 ml had a greater incidence of UTI. Age >61 years, low Q , low voiding efficiency, and large PVR at baseline were also risk factors for adverse events. AUR, UTI, and large PVR volume are common AEs after BoNT-A treatment. Patients with overactive bladders that are at risk of developing AEs after BoNT-A injection should be informed of the possible AEs. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:142-147, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MeSH Terms
- Administration, Intravesical
- Age Factors
- Aged
- Botulinum Toxins, Type A
- Comorbidity
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neuromuscular Agents
- Prevalence
- Prognosis
- Retrospective Studies
- Risk Factors
- Sex Factors
- Treatment Outcome
- Urinary Bladder
- Urinary Bladder, Overactive
- Urodynamics
- Urothelium
Keywords
- aging
- lower urinary tract dysfunction
- overactive bladder
Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is one of the most common lower urinary tract symptoms in women. We analyzed age-associated changes in urodynamic parameters in women with SUI. We analyzed the urodynamic study (UDS) results of patients with urodynamically proven SUI between March 2008 and July 2014. In uroflowmetry, maximal flow rate (Qmax), time to Qmax, voided volume, and postvoid residual urine volume (PVR) and filling cystometry data including first, strong desire to void and Valsalva leak point pressure (VLPP) were measured. Also, Qmax and detrusor pressure at Qmax (Pdet@Qmax) of voiding cystometry data were analyzed. The subjects included 776 patients. Among the patients, 151 were withdrawn because of incomplete UDS data or because they met the exclusion criteria. A total of 625 patients enrolled in our study. The mean age of the population was 57.3 years. The mean Qmax, voided volume, voiding time, and PVR were 26.2 mL/s, 292.1 mL, 25.7 s, and 31.7 mL, respectively. Qmax (p=0.001) in uroflowmetry, PVR (p=0.042), first desire to void (p=0.042), Pdet@Qmax (p=0.016), and the bladder contractility index (p=0.046) were significantly different between the age groups. Qmax and Pdet@Qmax were decreased and PVR was increased significantly with age after 60 years. Older women with SUI also have worsened voiding function with age as the results of urodynamic parameters. Specifically, detrusor contractility decreased with age after 60 years.
MeSH Terms
- Aged
- Aging
- Female
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Urinary Bladder
- Urinary Incontinence, Stress
- Urodynamics
Keywords
- Age factors
- Stress urinary incontinence
- Urodynamics
Age-related changes in long-lived tissue-resident stem cells may be tightly linked to aging and age-related diseases such as cancer. Centrosomes play key roles in cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Supernumerary centrosomes are known to be an early event in tumorigenesis and senescence. However, the age-related changes of centrosome duplication in tissue-resident stem cells in vivo remain unknown. Here, using anti-γ-tubulin and anti-PH3, we analyzed mitotic intestinal stem cells with supernumerary centrosomes in the adult Drosophila midgut, which may be a versatile model system for stem cell biology. The results showed increased centrosome amplification in intestinal stem cells of aged and oxidatively stressed Drosophila midguts. Increased centrosome amplification was detected by overexpression of PVR, EGFR, and AKT in intestinal stem cells/enteroblasts, known to mimic age-related changes including hyperproliferation of intestinal stem cells and hyperplasia in the midgut. Our data show the first direct evidence for the age-related increase of centrosome amplification in intestinal stem cells and suggest that the Drosophila midgut is an excellent model for studying molecular mechanisms underlying centrosome amplification in aging adult stem cells in vivo.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Cellular Senescence
- Centrosome
- Drosophila
- Drosophila Proteins
- ErbB Receptors
- Intestines
- Mitosis
- Oxidative Stress
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
- Receptors, Invertebrate Peptide
- Stem Cells
Keywords
- Adult stem cell
- Aging
- Centrosome
- Drosophila midgut
- EGFR
- PVR
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is required for specification and neurogenesis of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons, the pivotal neuronal population that degenerates in Parkinson's disease (PD), and in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of PD. Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a vital role in adult neurogenesis but whether it might engage DA neurogenesis/neurorepair in the affected PD brain is yet unresolved. Recently, the adult midbrain aqueduct periventricular regions (Aq-PVRs) were shown to harbor multipotent clonogenic neural stem/progenitor cells (mNPCs) with DA potential in vitro, but restrictive mechanisms in vivo are believed to limit their DA regenerative capacity. Using in vitro mNPC culture systems we herein demonstrate that aging is one most critical factor restricting mNPC neurogenic potential via dysregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Coculture paradigms between young/aged (Y/A) mNPCs and Y/A astrocytes identified glial age and a decline of glial-derived factors including Wnts as key determinants of impaired neurogenic potential, whereas Wnt activation regimens efficiently reversed the diminished proliferative, neuronal, and DA differentiation potential of A-mNPCs. Next, in vivo studies in wild (Wt) and transgenic β-catenin reporter mice uncovered Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation and remarkable astrocyte remodeling of Aq-PVR in response to MPTP-induced DA neuron death. Spatio-temporal analyses unveiled β-catenin signaling in predopaminergic (Nurr1( )/TH(-)) and imperiled or rescuing DAT( ) neurons during MPTP-induced DA neuron injury and self-repair. Aging inhibited Wnt signaling, whereas β-catenin activation in situ with a specific GSK-3β antagonist promoted a significant degree of DA neurorestoration associated with reversal of motor deficit, with implications for neurorestorative approaches in PD.
MeSH Terms
- Aging
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Coculture Techniques
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dopaminergic Neurons
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Mesencephalon
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neural Stem Cells
- Neurogenesis
- Neuroglia
- Parkinson Disease
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Wnt Signaling Pathway
Keywords
- Adult stem/neuroprogenitors
- Aging
- Dopaminergic plasticity
- Neuroprotection
- Neurorepair
- Parkinson's disease
- Wnt/β-catenin signaling