NGFR
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 16 precursor (Gp80-LNGFR) (Low affinity neurotrophin receptor p75NTR) (Low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor) (NGF receptor) (p75 ICD) (CD271 antigen) [TNFRSF16]
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To examine rat molar pulp innervation and identify complex cellular signalling systems involving nerve growth factor (NGF) and its p receptors (NGFR) at different stages of development, maturation and ageing. Decalcified mandibular first molar mesial cusps from Wistar rats of ages 0 day; 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12 and 24 weeks (n = 5 per group) were sectioned (10 μm) and incubated with antibodies for NGF, NGFR, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and neurofilament. Nerve densities in worn and intact regions of 3- to 24-week-old rats were compared by anova, Bonferroni and t-tests. During odontogenesis, differences in NGF and NGFR expression were observed, with no evidence of nerve fibres, suggesting a signalling mechanism controlling cellular differentiation and dentine formation. Tooth wear in 4-week rats was associated with reduced NGF expression and significantly decreased CGRP axons within affected odontoblast regions. The underlying subodontoblasts started expressing NGF which continued until 9 weeks. This may promote a significant increase in CGRP nerve density in affected regions. Nerve density in intact odontoblast regions increased gradually and reached significant levels in 12-week rats. Reduction in nerve densities within worn and intact regions of cusps was observed at 24 weeks. Age-related changes and responses to tooth wear may be controlled by the NGF signalling mechanism, with roles in odontoblast/subodontoblast communication and control of sensory innervation at different stages of tooth development, maturation and ageing. Greater understanding of cellular and nerve regulation in the injured pulp may promote therapeutic strategies for pulp survival.
MeSH Terms
- Aging
- Animals
- Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide
- Dental Pulp
- Intermediate Filaments
- Male
- Mandible
- Molar
- Nerve Growth Factor
- Odontoblasts
- Odontogenesis
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor
- Tooth Wear
Keywords
- cellular signalling
- nerve growth factor
- neurogenic inflammation
- pulp innervation
- regeneration
- tooth wear
Middle-aged C57Bl/6J mice fed for 6 months with extra-virgin olive oil rich in phenols (H-EVOO, phenol dose/day: 6 mg/kg) showed cognitive and motor improvement compared to controls fed the same olive oil deprived of phenolics (L-EVOO). The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether these behavioral modifications were associated with changes in gene and miRNA expression in the brain. Two brain areas involved in cognitive and motor processes were chosen: cortex and cerebellum. Gene and miRNA profiling were analyzed by microarray and correlated with performance in behavioral tests. After 6 months, most of the gene expression changes were restricted to the cerebral cortex. The genes modulated by aging were mainly down-regulated, and the treatment with H-EVOO was associated with a significant up-regulation of genes compared to L-EVOO. Among those, we found genes previously associated with synaptic plasticity and with motor and cognitive behavior, such as Notch1, BMPs, NGFR, GLP1R and CRTC3. The agrin pathway was also significantly modulated. miRNAs were mostly up-regulated in old L-EVOO animals compared to young. However, H-EVOO-fed mice cortex displayed miRNA expression profiles similar to those observed in young mice. Sixty-three miRNAs, out of 1203 analyzed, were significantly down-regulated compared to the L-EVOO group; among them, we found miRNAs whose predicted target genes were up-regulated by the treatment, such as mir-484, mir-27, mir-137, mir-30, mir-34 and mir-124. We are among the first to report that a dietary intervention starting from middle age with food rich in phenols can modulate at the central level the expression of genes and miRNAs involved in neuronal function and synaptic plasticity, along with cognitive, motor and emotional behavior.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal
- Cerebellum
- Cerebral Cortex
- Cognitive Aging
- Cognitive Dysfunction
- Dietary Supplements
- Food Quality
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- MicroRNAs
- Nerve Tissue Proteins
- Neurons
- Nootropic Agents
- Nutrigenomics
- Olive Oil
- Phenols
- Psychomotor Disorders
- Psychomotor Performance
- Random Allocation
Keywords
- Aging brain
- Genomics
- Nutraceuticals
- Phenolic compounds
- miRNomics
The purpose of this study was to optimize the methodology of cultivation of predegenerated Schwann cells (SCs). SCs were isolated from 7-day-predegenerated sciatic nerves of adult rats. We applied commercially available culture medium for cultivation of endothelial cells endothelial cell culture medium (EBM-2) instead of Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium commonly used to culture adult Schwann cells. Additionally, cell culture medium was supplemented with factors specifically supporting SCs growth as: bovine pituitary extract (5 μg/ml), heregulin (40 ng/ml) and insulin (2.5 ng/ml). Similarly to the reports of others authors, we did not observe any beneficial effects of Forskolin application, so we didn't supplement our medium with it. Cell culture purity was determined by counting the ratio of GFAP, N-Cadherin and NGFR p75-positive cells to total number of cells. About 94-97 % of cells were confirmed as Schwann cells. As a result, we obtained sufficient number and purity of Schwann cells to be applied in different experimental models in rats. EBM-2 medium coated with fibronectin was the best for cultivation of adult rat Schwann cells.
MeSH Terms
- Aging
- Animals
- Cell Culture Techniques
- Cell Separation
- Cells, Cultured
- Culture Media
- Rats
- Schwann Cells
- Sciatic Nerve