PDYN

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Proenkephalin-B precursor (Beta-neoendorphin-dynorphin) (Preprodynorphin) [Contains: Alpha-neoendorphin; Beta-neoendorphin; Big dynorphin (Big Dyn); Dynorphin A(1-17) (Dyn-A17) (Dynorphin A); Dynorphin A(1-13); Dynorphin A(1-8); Leu-enkephalin; Rimorphin (Dynorphin B) (Dyn-B) (Dynorphin B(1-13)); Leumorphin (Dynorphin B-29)]

Publications[править]

Influence of age and 17beta-estradiol on kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and prodynorphin gene expression in the arcuate-median eminence of female rhesus macaques.

The neuropeptides kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and dynorphin A (collectively abbreviated as KNDy) are, respectively, encoded by KiSS-1, NKB, and PDYN and are coexpressed by neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC). Here, using quantitative real-time PCR, we examined age-related changes in the expression of genes encoding KNDy and associated receptors G protein-coupled receptor 54 (encoded by GPR54), neurokinin 3 receptor (encoded by NK3), and kappa-opioid receptor (encoded by KOR), in the female rhesus macaque ARC-median eminence (ARC-ME). Expression of KiSS-1 and NKB was highly elevated in old perimenopausal compared with young or middle-aged premenopausal animals. To test whether these age-related changes could be attributed to perimenopausal loss of sex steroids, we then examined KNDy, GPR54, NK3, and KOR expression changes in response to ovariectomy (OVX) and exposure to 17beta-estradiol (E(2)). Short-term (7 months) OVX (with or without 1 month of estrogen replacement) failed to modulate the expression of any of the KNDy-related genes. In contrast, long-term ( approximately 4 yr) OVX significantly increased KiSS-1 and NKB expression, and this was reversed by E(2) administration. Finally, we examined the expression of KNDy-related genes in young adult females during the early follicular, late follicular, or midluteal phases of their menstrual cycle but found no difference. Together, the results suggest that short-term alterations in circulating E(2) levels, such as those occurring during the menstrual cycle, may have little effect on the ARC-ME expression of KNDy and associated receptors. Nevertheless, they clearly demonstrate that loss of ovarian steroid negative feedback that occurs during perimenopause plays a major role in modulating the activity of KNDy circuits of the aging primate ARC-ME.

MeSH Terms

  • Age Factors
  • Aging
  • Animals
  • Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus
  • Enkephalins
  • Estradiol
  • Female
  • Gene Expression
  • Genes, Tumor Suppressor
  • Macaca mulatta
  • Median Eminence
  • Neurokinin B
  • Ovariectomy
  • Protein Precursors
  • Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
  • Time Factors


Proenkephalin and prodynorphin mRNA level in brain of rats with absence epilepsy.

An in situ hybridization method was used to estimate the proenkephalin (PENK) and prodynorphin (PDYN) mRNA levels in the brain of epileptic 6-month-old WAG/Rij rats in comparison with non-epileptic: 3-month-old WAG/Rij rats, 3-month-old ACI rats and 6-month-old ACI rats. The epileptic rats had a significantly higher level of PENK mRNA in the striatum as compared to non-epileptic controls. The PDYN mRNA level was significantly elevated only in the hippocampus of epileptic rats, whereas age- or strain-related changes in the striatal and cortical PDYN mRNA levels were found in both epileptic and non-epileptic rats. The changes in the biosynthetic activity of endogenous opioid peptide systems may be important for the occurrence of epileptic discharges in these animals.

MeSH Terms

  • Aging
  • Animals
  • Brain
  • Cerebral Cortex
  • Corpus Striatum
  • Enkephalins
  • Epilepsy, Absence
  • Hippocampus
  • In Situ Hybridization
  • Male
  • Protein Precursors
  • RNA, Messenger
  • Rats