ALDH4A1
Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial precursor (EC 1.2.1.88) (P5C dehydrogenase) (Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 4 member A1) (L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase) [ALDH4] [P5CDH]
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Ηeat and calcium treatments reprogram sweet cherry fruit metabolism during postharvest senescence as evidenced by changes in respiration, amino acid metabolism, sugars, and secondary metabolites shift. Heat and calcium treatments are used to improve postharvest fruit longevity; however, the exact mechanism remains poorly understood. To characterize the impact of these treatments on sweet cherries metabolism, 'Lapins' fruits were treated with heat or CaCl solutions and their combination and subsequently were exposed at room temperature, for up to 4 days, defined as senescence period. Single and combined heat and calcium treatments partially delayed fruit senescence, as evidenced by changes in fruit colour darkening, skin penetration force, and respiration activity. Calcium content was noticeably increased by heat in Ca-treated fruit. Several primary metabolites, including amino acids, organic acids, and alcohols, were decreased in response to both treatments, while many soluble sugars and secondary metabolites were increased within 1 day post-treatment. Changes of several metabolites in heat-treated fruits, especially esculetin, peonidin 3-O-glucoside and peonidin 3-O-galactoside, ribose, pyroglutamate, and isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, were detected. The metabolome of fruit exposed to calcium also displayed substantial modulations, particularly in the levels of galactose, glycerate, aspartate, tryptophan, phospharate rutin, and peonidin 3-O-glucoside. The expression of several genes involved in TCA cycle (MDH1, IDH1, OGDH, SUCLA2, and SDH1-1), pectin degradation (ADPG1) as well as secondary (SK1, 4CL1, HCT, and BAN), amino acids (ALDH18A1, ALDH4A1, GS, GAD, GOT2, OPLAH, HSDH, and SDS), and sugar (PDHA1 and DLAT) metabolism were affected by both treatments. Pathway-specific analysis further revealed the regulation of fruit metabolic programming by heat and calcium. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of metabolic regulation in response to heat and calcium during fruit senescence.
MeSH Terms
- Aging
- Amino Acids
- Calcium
- Carbohydrate Metabolism
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Fruit
- Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Hot Temperature
- Metabolic Networks and Pathways
- Metabolomics
- Prunus avium
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Keywords
- Amino acid metabolism
- Calcium
- Fruit senescence
- Gene expression
- Heat
- Postharvest
- Primary metabolites
- Secondary metabolites
- Sweet cherry
- TCA cycle