Posthumanism - История изменений

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Новая страница: «'''Posthumanism''' in a futurist context incorporates a number of different meanings. {{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90cqkzzDT8U</embedvideo|500|right|High level analysis from Adam Ford talking about what posthumanism means, the conditions on which humanity will achieve 'posthuman' status and some discussion on positions posthumanists might take. Originally created for Melbourne University for the [http://shaps.unimelb.edu.au/ School of H...»

Новая страница
'''Posthumanism''' in a futurist context incorporates a number of different meanings.
{{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90cqkzzDT8U</embedvideo|500|right|High level analysis from [[Adam Ford]] talking about what posthumanism means, the conditions on which humanity will achieve 'posthuman' status and some discussion on positions posthumanists might take. Originally created for Melbourne University for the [http://shaps.unimelb.edu.au/ School of Historical and Philosophical Studies]. }}

== Overview ==
Posthumanism has multiple unrelated and overlapping definitions and is generally a confusing term.<ref>[https://social-epistemology.com/2014/12/23/boundary-work-post-and-transhumanism-part-i-james-michael-macfarlane/ Boundary Work: Post- and Transhumanism, Part I, James Michael MacFarlane]</ref>
* [[Philosophical posthumanism]] - ''not'' a form of transhumanism
* Scenarios 'after humanity as we know it'
* [[Posthuman transhumanism]]

== Forms ==
=== As a critique of humanism ===
''Main:[[Philosophical posthumanism]]''

Posthumanism is often a critique of humanism especially in the context of human exceptionalism, sometimes known as [[antihumanism]].

Humanism, subjective relativism, is fundamentally based on the notion that: "The man is the measure of everything" (Protagoras), and posthumanism critiques this inherent human exceptionalism. Transhumanism is a part of Posthumanism, as Transhumanism specifies that humanity and human condition are defined by the technological context, so the "measure" mentioned by Protagoras changes in time<ref>[http://ieet.org/index.php/IEET/more/lagrandeur20140729 What is the Difference between Posthumanism and Transhumanism?, Kevin LaGrandeur, Ethical Technology]</ref>. This binds the transhumanism idea into the continuation of the philosophical humanist tradition. In Wikipedia, this definition is called: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posthumanism#Philosophical_posthumanism "Philosophical Posthumanism"].

=== Beyond humanity as we know it ===
Other applications of the term included a future subjugated by [[unfriendly AI]], [[aliens]], or other such stagnation of the human condition such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voluntary_Human_Extinction voluntary human extinction].

Examples of futurist posthumanism that doesn't address the human condition explicitly are:
* [[Space seeding]] advocates
* [[Abolitionism|Bioethical abolitionists]]
* [[Transanimists]] - advocates of spreading life throughout the universe
* [[Animal enhancement]] [http://ieet.org/index.php/IEET/more/dvorsky20110729 advocates]

=== As a developed form of transhumanism ===
''Main:[[Posthuman transhumanism]]''

[[Posthuman transhumanism]] can incorporate both 'what comes after' humanity and transhumanism, however is often used [[Transhumanist synonyms and closely related terms|synonymously]] with mainstream [[transhumanist philosophy|transhumanist philosophies]] in highly futuristic scenarios.

== External links ==
* {{wikipedia|Posthumanism}}
* {{wikipedia|Posthuman}}
* [http://radivis.com/paradigms-and-classification-of-upgraded-minds/ RadiVis:Paradigms And Classification Of Upgraded Minds]
== References ==
[[Category:Transhumanism]]
[[Category:Posthumanism]]