Редактирование: Whole brain emulation (раздел)

==== Smell and Taste ====

So far no work has been done on simulated smell and taste in virtual reality, mainly due to 
the lack of output devices. Some simulations of odorant diffusion have been done in 
underwater environments (Baird RC, Johari H et al., 1996 ) and in the human and rat nasal 
cavity (Keyhani, Scherer et al., 1997; Zhao, Dalton et al., 2006). In general, an odor simulation 
would involve modelling diffusion and transport of chemicals through air flow; and the 
relatively low temporal and spatial resolution of human olfaction would likely allow a fairly 
simple model. A far more involved issue is what odorant molecules to simulate. Humans 
have 350 active olfactory receptor genes, but we can likely detect more variation due to 
different diffusion in the nasal cavity (Shepherd, 2004).

No work has been done on simulating smell and taste in a virtual environment, most likely due to lack of output for this data. The low quality of human olfaction would allow for a simple model.

Taste relies only on a few types of receptor, but the tongue also detects texture and the placement of then nose forces on to smell objects entering the mouth. The former may require complex simulations of the physics of virtual objects in the case of virtual environments, and pressure/temperature sensors for simulacra.