Редактирование: History of transhumanism (раздел)

=== 1950's to 1970's ===
[[File:Julian Huxley 1964.jpg|100px|right]]
* 1951 - Noted [[eugenics|eugenicist]] and evolutionary biologist [[Julian Huxley]] uses the term "transhumanism" in a lecture delivered in Washington DC titled ''Knowledge, Morality and Destiny''. Huxley describes his philosophy as "the idea of humanity attempting to overcome its limitations and to arrive at fuller fruition."<ref>[https://www.academia.edu/13997038/History_of_transhumanism A history of 'transhumanism'] by Peter Harrison & Joseph Wolyniak</ref>
* 1954 - Jerry Sohl publishes his sci-fi story "The Altered Ego," in which a man is able to make a digital duplicate of his mind and access it after his death. This marks the first appearance of [[mind-uploading]] in fiction.
* 1957 - "The word “transhumanism” first gained significant recognition when used by Julian Huxley, a distinguished biologist (who was also the first director‐general of UNESCO and a founder of the World Wildlife Fund). In his second edition Religion Without Revelation (1957), he wrote: <blockquote>''The human species can, if it wishes, transcend itself – not just sporadically, an individual here in one way, an individual there in another way – but in its entirety, as humanity. We need a name for this new belief. Perhaps '''transhumanism''' will serve: man remaining man, but transcending himself, by realizing new possibilities of and for his human nature''"<ref name="bostromhistory>[http://www.nickbostrom.com/papers/history.pdf A HISTORY OF TRANSHUMANIST THOUGHT] Note, 'transhumanism' being coined in the 1927 edition of 'Religion Without Revelation' appears to be an error in the source, it is actually the 1957 edition</ref></blockquote>
* 1959 - Physicist Richard P. Feynman presents the lecture, There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom, suggesting the possibility of the manipulation of atoms in synthetic chemistry. The lecture will later inspire the field of [[nanotechnology]].
* 1964 - Robert Ettinger publishes "[[The Prospect of Immortality]]," a manifesto for [[cryonics]]. A small number of cryonics societies are established across the US.
[[File:Fred and linda.jpg|100px|right]]
* 1965 - Cryptographer and computer scientist Irving John Good publishes "Speculations Concerning the First Ultraintelligent Machine," the first proposal for a possible future intelligence explosion in machine learning.
* 1967 - Philosopher Harry Overstreet make the first mention "[[extropy]]" — the attempt to counteract the natural law of entropy — in a 1967 volume of the journal, Physis.
* 1967 - The first person is cryogenically frozen at the Cryonics Society of California by the society's president — [[Robert Nelson]], a television repairman. The operation was ultimately deemed unsuccessful and Nelson's clients were "lost."<ref>http://www.alcor.org/Library/html/suspensionfailures.html</ref>
* 1968 - [[The Mother of All Demos]] is presented at the ACM/IEEE Computing Society's Fall Joint Computer Conference by [[Douglas Engelbart]] of the [[Augmentation Research Center]], establishing many modern computing concepts.
[[File:FM2030.jpg|right|100px]]
* 1972 - [[Fred & Linda Chamberlain]] establish the [[Alcor]] Society for Solid State Hypothermia, later renamed to the Alcor Life Extension Foundation, in Los Angeles. Fred Chamberlain had previously worked as a space program engineer at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
* 1972 - Apollo 17 becomes the final manned mission to the Moon.
* 1972 - The Club of Rome publishes The Limits to Growth, positing dire projections of a [[overpopulation|growing global population]] and dwindling resources.
* 1973 - [[FM-2030]], then known as Fereidoun M. Esfandiary, publishes [[Up-Wingers: A Futurist Manifesto]].
* 1974 - Physicist Gerard K. O'Neil publishes "The Colonization of Space" in Physics Today. O'Neil advocates "finding high quality living space for a world population that is [[overpopulation|doubling every 35 years]]; finding clean, practical energy sources; preventing overload of Earth's heat balance."
* 1975 - The L5 Society is established to continue O'Neil's work advocating for space colonization. Its members include [[Eric Drexler]].
* 1976 - The [[Cryonics Institute]] is established and freezes its first clients in liquid nitrogen.