Редактирование: Christopher Altman (раздел)

== Starlab ==

In 2001, Altman was recruited to multidisciplinary, Deep Future institute&nbsp;[[Starlab]]. As an incubator for long-term and basic research in the spirit of Bell Labs, MIT Media Lab, Xerox PARC, and Interval Research, the lab focused on advanced research offering significant potential for long-term impact to humanity. The lab was established as a “Noah's Ark,” a “utopian scientific environment to bring together some of the world's most brilliant and creative researchers,” and to have them work on far-ranging projects “with the potential for serendipity—to spark an impact on the generations to come.” <ref name=":732">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0X_HDSQXMI0 Starlab Discovery Channel Special].</ref>

Starlab's academic research partners included MIT, the University of Oxford, and Ghent University. The lab employed over 130 scientists from thirty-six nationalities. Projects ranged from artificial intelligence, biophysics, consciousness, DNA databases, genetics, materials science, microtubules, nanoelectronics, neuroscience, new media, protein folding, robotics, stem cell research, theoretical physics—''e.g''., the possibility of time travel—quantum computation, communications, teleportation, and wearable computing. Research lines were grouped under the acronym “BANG,” or Bits, Atoms, Neurons, Genes, a combination later adopted by MIT Media Lab in 2002.<ref>[http://www.quantumbionet.org/eng/index.php?pagina=97 Remembering Starlab]</ref> The lab sponsored and collaborated with other labs, organizing open research symposia to stimulate cross-pollination between scientists and encourage collaboration across disciplinary boundaries.

At the lab, he worked with scientists including cofounder [[Walter de Brouwer]], nanotechnologist Ed Reitman, biophysicist Jack Tuszynski, artificial intelligence researcher [[Hugo de Garis]], and physicist and program manager Sergeui Krasnikov, Starlab's resident expert in retrocausality and closed timelike curves, traversable wormholes and hyperfast travel.<ref>[http://aip.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1063/1.1290915 Toward a Traversible Wormhole]. American Institute of Physics Conference Proceedings, Vol. 504, Issue DOI: 10.1063/1.1290915</ref><ref>Krasnikov, S. V. 1998-04-15. arxiv:gr-qc/9511068 Hyperfast Interstellar Travel in General Relativity. Physical Review D. Vol 57, Issue 8. Pages 4760–4766 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.57.4760 ISSN: 0556-2821</ref><ref>Krasnikov, S. September 2000. arxiv:gr-qc/9909016 A traversable wormhole. Physical Review D. 62, 084028 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.62.084028 ISSN: 0556arxiv=gr-qc/9909016</ref>

Krasnikov's research, jointly funded by NASA and the US Air Force, set out to assess the viability of closed timelike curves—time travel—under realistic physical conditions. The program is one of several outlined in a Discovery Channel Special on the lab. While living and working at Starlab, Altman took up discussions with Krasnikov and colleague quantum topologist Zapatrin in collaborations that continue to present-day,<ref name=":113" /> yielding novel results such as the development of adaptive quantum networks.<ref name=":462">Altman, C., Pykacz, J. & Zapatrin, R.R. International Journal of Theoretical Physics (2004) 43: 2029. ''Superpositional Quantum Network Topologies.'' October 2004,&nbsp;Volume '''43''',&nbsp;Issue&nbsp;10,&nbsp;pp 2029–2040. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:IJTP.0000049008.51567.ec</ref><ref name=":472" /><ref name=":452">[https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B99KWApna6GoMUdKWEZPNTZJcmM/view?usp=sharing NATO Advanced Study Institute: Accelerated Training Convergence in Superposed Quantum Networks]</ref><ref name=":222">[https://www.iospress.nl/book/mining-massive-data-sets-for-security NATO Science for Peace and Security Series: Mining Massive Data Sets for Peace and Security]. Advanced Study Institute NATO 2007-09-18 www.iospress.nl</ref>

===Guinness Book of World Records===
At Starlab, he contributed to the design and functional specifications of a custom-built supercomputer that employed genetic algorithms to evolve massively-parallel artificial neural network modules grown directly ''in silico'' using field-programmable gate array (FPGA) evolutionary hardware''.''<ref>[https://www.academia.edu/267640/Directed_Evolution_In_Silico Directed Evolution In Silico]. Tucson IV: Towards a Science of Consciousness.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111007111535/http://altman.casimirinstitute.net/genetic.html Genetic Algorithms in Evolutionary Computing]. Altman, Christopher. 2011-10-07. Casimir Institute for Applied Physics and Superconductivity. 2011-10-07. Access-date=2018-01-19</ref> The project was recognized in the 2001 Guinness Book of World Records as the “World's Most Complex Artificial Brain,”<ref name=":4222">Altman, Christopher, [https://web.archive.org/web/20071012155236/http://altman.casimirinstitute.net/specs.html Design and Functional Specifications of the CAM-Brain Machine.] Casimir Institute for Applied Physics and Superconductivity. See also: Guinness Book of World Records, “''World's Most Complex Artificial Brain.''” New York: Bantam Press, 2001, p. 126. “Genobyte CAM-Brain Machine (CBM), a large-scale evolutionary hardware research platform.”&nbsp; Cellular Automata Update Rate: 131 billion cells/second; Number of Supported Cellular Automata Cells: 893 million; Number of Supported Neurons (max., per neural module): 1152; Number of Supported Neural Modules: 64,640; Number of Supported Neurons (max. per brain): 74.5 million; Neural Module Chromosome Length: 91,000 bits; Number of FPGAs: 72 (Xilinx XC6264BG560); Number of FPGA Reconfigurable Function Units: 1,179,648; Phenotype/Genotype Memory: 1.18 GB; Power Consumption: 1.5 KWatt (5V, 300A); Computational Power: 10,000 Pentium III 500 MHz PCs.”</ref><ref name=":Guinness">[https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/search/applicationrecordsearch?term=%22most+complex+artificial+brain%22&contentType=record World's Most Complex Artificial Brain]. Guinness Book of World Records (2001).</ref><ref name=":Wuhan">[http://web.archive.org/web/20071017165230/http://iss.whu.edu.cn:80/degaris/news/guinness2001.html Guinness Book of World Records, 2001: "World's Most Complex Artificial Brain]. Wuhan University: Hugo de Garis (Accessed 2018-03-01).</ref><ref name="CAM-Brain Team">[https://web.archive.org/web/20010719014408/http://foobar.starlab.net:80/~degaris/team_pictures/index.html THE CAM-BRAIN PROJECT]: A 75-Million Neuron Cellular Automata Based Artificial Brain. World CAM-Brain Team Members. “Christopher Altman: Global Coordinator, Research Scientist. Management/direction of international brain building project researchers.” Starlab website backup at Archive.org (Accessed 2018-03-01).</ref><ref name="World Team">[https://web.archive.org/web/20010719014525/http://foobar.starlab.net:80/~degaris/world_team/index.html World CAM-Brain Team] Starlab (Archive.org). “Global Coordinator: Christopher Altman, Managing Director Global CBM Teams.” Accessed 2018-03-01.</ref> featuring prominently in worldwide press. Altman led the project as managing director and global coordinator of the international CAM-Brain Teams and was interviewed for a Discovery Channel Special on the project.<ref name="CAM-Brain Team"></ref><ref name=":732" /><ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-FdMY48ukhA Discovery Channel: Brain Child]</ref>

In April 2001, Altman was selected as recipient of a joint US Department of Defense–Department of Energy Salishan High-Performance Computing graduate fellowship<ref name=":94">[http://www.lanl.gov/conferences/salishan/index.php%7Ctitle=Salishan: The Conference on High Speed Computing. National Security. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy. www.lanl.gov]</ref><ref>[http://superconducting.blogspot.com/2001/05/salishan.html US National Labs Salishan Fellowship]. Altman, Christopher. Quantum Astronaut {!} Christopher Altman: Cohærence* and Quantum Technology.</ref> with MIT postgraduates H. Shrikumar and Bill Butera. The work of the former allows for delayering and translation of billions of nodes into coherent networks; that of the latter enables any paintable surface to become a distributed computer—inclusive fault-tolerant, self-configuring sensory networks. He took up collaborations with computer scientist Horst Simon, Deputy Director of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL)<ref>[http://www2.lbl.gov/Publications/Deputy-Director/bio.html About the Deputy Director: Short Scientific Biography]</ref> and National Security Agency (NSA) fellow, senior physicist Fernand “Doc” Bedard—early pioneer in high-performance computing systems,<ref>[https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-history/silicon-revolution/will-the-nsa-finally-build-its-superconducting-spy-computer Will the NSA Finally Build Its Superconducting Spy Computer?] IEEE Spectrum: Technology, Engineering, and Science News.</ref><ref>[http://ieeecsc.org/people/dr-fernand-d-doc-bedard Dr. Fernand D. ("Doc") Bedard]. IEEE Council on Superconductivity: ieeecsc.org</ref> and the Hybrid Technology Multi-Threaded (HTMT) petaflops computing program.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160528160148/http://www.cacr.caltech.edu/pflops2/presentations/tronhtmt.pdf%7Carchive-date=2016-05-28 HTMT: A Hybrid Technology Approach to Petaflops-Scale Computing]. Sterling, Thomas. Bergman, Larry. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.</ref> Both were formative influences in Altman's early career.<ref name=":94" /><ref name=":302">[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4614-0520-7_2 Astronauts For Hire: The Emergence of a Commercial Astronaut Corps]. Seedhouse, Erik. 2012. Springer, Boston, Springer Praxis Books, pp. 29–41]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/?id=fnbRBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA407&lpg=PA407&dq=doc+bedard+superconducting+crossbar+switch#v=onepage&q=doc%20bedard%20superconducting%20crossbar%20switch&f=false 100 Years of Superconductivity] Rogalla, Horst; Kes, Peter H. 2011-11-11 Taylor & Francis ISBN=9781439849484</ref><blockquote style="border-left: 5px solid #ccc;" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left: 5px solid #ccc;&quot;}">Notwithstanding revolutionary hardware breakthroughs, the next generation of high-performance computing systems will continue their reliance upon low-temperature superconducting nanoelectronics. Moore's Law ensures their dimensions will shrink rapidly. As we enter the era of quantum information processing, this is sure to be an exciting and transformative area of research.</blockquote><blockquote>''—'' at the DoD-DoE ''Salishan High-Performance Computing Conference''</blockquote>Drawing inspiration from Bedard, Altman investigated the behavior of these systems in the quantum regime in what is now considered the early days of superconducting quantum computing, presenting on quantum state engineering at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) on Quantum chaos in Como, Italy,<ref>[https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0307101 Quantum State Engineering with the ''rf''-SQUID]. Altman, Christopher. LANL arXiV quant-ph/0307101.</ref> attending select [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Hayden_(general) senior administrator briefings] at [http://www.nsa.gov national security agency headquarters] outside Washington, DC and the International Conference on Coding Theory and Quantum Computing in Vienna.<ref name=":372">[https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=4JEbCAAAQBAJ&pg=PR11&dq=%22christopher+altman%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj8-_T_643WAhVHKpQKHcc_CWoQ6AEIRDAF#v=onepage&q=%22christopher%20altman%22 International Conference on Coding Theory and Quantum Computing, Vienna (2004)]</ref> He was invited to the&nbsp;World Technology Summit Awards at the Imperial College of Science and Technology in London,<ref name=":42">[https://web.archive.org/web/20111007111600/http://altman.casimirinstitute.net/summit.html%7Carchive-date=2011-10-07 World Technology Summit]. Altman, Christopher. Casimir Institute for Applied Physics and Superconductivity.</ref> the International Conference on High Energy Physics<ref name=":382">[https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=cS0I3_Rs7rIC&pg=PA945&dq=%22christopher+altman%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj8-_T_643WAhVHKpQKHcc_CWoQ6AEIMjAC#v=onepage&q=%22christopher%20altman%22 Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on High Energy Physics]</ref> in Amsterdam, and submitted testimony to the&nbsp;French Sénat<ref>[https://www.senat.fr/lng/en/ Welcome to the French Sénate – Sénat]. www.senat.fr.</ref>&nbsp;in the world's first Senate hearing<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110930041211/http://altman.casimirinstitute.net/senate.html%7Carchive-date=2011-09-30 French Senate Hearing on Society and the Future of Artificial Intelligence]. Altman, Christopher. Casimir Institute for Applied Physics and Superconductivity.</ref> on the future of robotics and artificial intelligence in Paris.<ref name=":510">[https://books.google.com/?id=FMtwCgAAQBAJ&lpg=PA232&dq=%22christopher%20altman%22%20%22flat%20world%20navigation%22&pg=PA233#v=onepage&q&f=false Flat World Navigation: Collaboration and Networking in the Global Digital Economy]. McDonald, Kim Chandler. Kogan Page Publishers. IABN: 9780749473945.</ref>