Редактирование: Whole brain emulation (раздел)

==== Cell tracing ====

Automated tracing of neurons imaged using confocal microscopy has been attempted using a 
variety of methods. Even if the scanning method used will be a different approach it seems 
likely that knowledge gained from these reconstruction methods will be useful. 
One approach is to enhance edges and find the optimal joining of edge pixels/voxels to detect 
contours of objects. Another is skeletonization. For example, (Urban, O’Malley et al., 2006) 
thresholded neuron images (after image processing to remove noise and artefacts), extracting 
the medial axis tree. (Dima, Scholz et al., 2002) employed a 3D wavelet transform to perform 
a multiscale validation of dendrite boundaries, in turn producing an estimate of a skeleton. 
A third approach is exploratory algorithms, where the algorithm starts at a point and uses 
image coherency to trace the cell from there. This avoids having to process all voxels, but 
risks losing parts of the neuron if the images are degraded or unclear. (Al‐Kofahi, Lasek et al., 
2002) use directional kernels acting on the intensity data to follow cylindrical objects. 
(Mayerich and Keyser, 2008) use a similar method for KESM data, accelerating the kernel 
calculation by using graphics hardware. (Uehara, Colbert et al., 2004) calculates the 
probability of each voxel belonging to a cylindrical structure, and then propagates dendrite 
paths through it. 
One weakness of these methods is that they assume cylindrical shapes of dendrites and the 
lack of adjoining structures (such as dendritic spines). By using support‐vector machines that 
are trained on real data a more robust reconstruction can be achieved (Santamaría‐Pang, 
Bildea et al., 2006). 
Overall, tracing of branching tubular structures is a major interest in medical computing. A survey of vessel extraction techniques listed 14 major approaches, with several examples of 
each (Kirbas and Quek, 2004). The success of different methods is modality‐dependent.}}

[[File:Thomas RSI paper neurites.jpg|thumb|3D neuron structure traced from a stack of electron micrographs.]]

[[File:Eyewire screenshot.jpg|thumb|[https://eyewire.org/ Eyewire] is an online game where players trace neurites alongside an AI.]]