Редактирование: Christopher Altman (раздел)

=== NASA-funded Manned Spaceflight Missions  ===
The organization's first manned spaceflight missions were funded by NASA through the Flight Opportunities Program in 2012. Several million in funding has been allocated for detailed spectroscopic analysis of high-altitude noctilucent cloud formations on suborbital flights using rapidly reusable, task-and-deploy spaceplanes.<ref>Reimuller, J. ''et al.'' ''[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMSA33B1993R PoSSUM: Polar Suborbital Science in the Upper Mesosphere]''. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2013, abstract id. SA33B-1993. [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMSA33B1993R adsabs.harvard.edu]. “An acronym for Polar Suborbital Science in the Upper Mesosphere, PoSSUM grew from the opportunity created by the Noctilucent Cloud Imagery and Tomography Experiment, selected by the NASA Flight Opportunities Program as Experiment 46-S in March 2012.”</ref><ref>Messier, Doug. ''[http://www.parabolicarc.com/2015/02/24/54721/ Project PoSSUM Graduates First Class of Scientist-Astronauts].'' Parabolic Arc. February 24, 2015. “The project evolved from the Noctilucent Cloud Imagery and Tomography experiment, selected by NASA’s Flight Opportunities Program in March 2012 as experiment 46-S. PoSSUM is managed by Integrated Spaceflight Services under principal investigator Jason Reimuller, Vice President and COO, Association of Spaceflight Professionals.”</ref><ref>''[http://nasa-newsblog.blogspot.com/2015/03/a4h-members-complete-possum-scientist.html Association of Spaceflight Professionals (A4H) Members Complete PoSSUM Scientist-Astronaut Training.]'' NASA News Blog. March 05, 2015. “The Association of Spaceflight Professionals (Astronauts for Hire) would like to congratulate six of its members for completing the inaugural PoSSUM Scientist-Astronaut Qualification Program that was held from February 7-10, 2015 at the Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University in Daytona Beach, Florida. This project uses commercial suborbital spacecraft to study rare noctilucent clouds that can help scientists address critical questions about the Earth’s climate. It evolved from the “Noctilucent Cloud Imagery and Tomography Experiment,” selected by NASA’s Flight Opportunities Program in March 2012 as experiment 46-S.”</ref><ref>''[https://www.boulder.swri.edu/NSRC2013/Site2/PDF/Reimuller_abstract1.pdf The PoSSUM Campaign: Polar Suborbital Science in the Upper Mesosphere]''. Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colorado. [www.swri.org Southwest Research Institute]. “PoSSUM will optimize the opportunity created by the “PMC Imagery and Tomography Experiment”, a high-latitude campaign selected by the NASA Flight Opportunities Program (Experiment 46-S) to study the small-scale dynamics of PMCs (polar mesospheric clouds). The PoSSUM Project will make full use of the 46-S opportunity by fully utilizing all available payload space and campaign deployment time to optimize technology maturation and science return while validating a repeatable, low-cost means to study seasonal trends of PMCs.”</ref><ref>NASA. ''[https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/spacetech/flightopportunities/about About NASA Flight Opportunities].'' nasa.gov. “The Flight Opportunities program within the NASA Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD) strategically invests in the growth of the commercial spaceflight market by providing flight opportunities to test space exploration and utilization technologies on commercially available suborbital flight platforms.” NASA. Retrieved 15 April 2019.</ref><ref name=":93">[https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-selects-commercial-lower-cost-suborbital-firms-to-test-space-technologies Flight Opportunities Program Selects New Technologies for Flight Tests]. NASA 2017-12-18.</ref><ref name=":103">[https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/spacetech/flightopportunities/flightproviders Commercial Suborbital Flight Providers]. Suborbital Reusable Launch Vehicles (sRLV). NASA (Accessed 2018-03-01).</ref><ref name=":310">[https://www.nasa.gov/centers/armstrong/news/newsreleases/15-25.html NASA Selects New Technologies for Flight Opportunities Program]. NASA (2017-12-18).</ref>

The NASA Commercial Crew program, with official industry partners Boeing and SpaceX, is ramping up to launch its first manned test flights in the second half of 2018. SpaceX maintains an expected launch date of August 2018 for its first flight, followed by a second manned test in December for its Dragon 2.0 capsule, which both NASA and commercial astronauts will use together to access the International Space Station. Commercial space stations under development include Bigelow Aerospace and Axiom Space.<ref>[https://www.axiomspace.com/ Axiom Commercial Space Station]. Axiom Space (Accessed 2018-03-01).</ref><ref>[https://www.space.com/37079-axiom-commercial-space-station-manufacturing.html 1st Private Space Station Will Become an Off-Earth Manufacturing Hub]. Space.com</ref> Each will enlist commercial crew once testing is complete. Robert Bigelow, of Bigelow Aerospace, has already set out plans for lunar bases.<ref name=":8">[https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-commercial-crew-program-mission-in-sight-for-2018 NASA Commercial Crew Program Mission in Sight for 201]</ref><ref>[https://www.space.com/39335-commercial-crew-test-launches-begin-2018.html Commercial Crew Test Launches by SpaceX, Boeing Will Begin This Year]. Space.com. 2018-01-17</ref><ref>[http://spacenews.com/spacex-delays-commercial-crew-test-flights-to-latter-half-of-2018 SpaceX delays commercial crew test flights to latter half of 2018]. SpaceNews.com</ref><ref>[https://www.space.com/g00/10634-moon-base-lunar-outpost-technology.html?i10c.encReferrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS5waC8=&i10c.ua=1 Back to the Moon: How New Lunar Bases Will Work]</ref>