Редактирование: Christopher Altman (раздел)

==Association of Spaceflight Professionals==
The following spring, Altman was selected as a commercial scientist-astronaut candidate with the world's first commercial astronaut corps,<ref name="2-28-2011 Press Release222">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110312234312/http://www.astronauts4hire.org/2011/02/press-release-astronauts4hire-announces_28.html Astronauts for Hire Announces Selection of New Flight Members – Feb 28, 2011], accessed March 5, 2011.</ref><ref name=":432">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120201011639/http://www.astronauts4hire.org/2009/12/altman.html Member Profiles: Christopher Altman]</ref> the [[Association of Spaceflight Professionals]], established to train highly qualified<ref>[https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/search/pagedetails.action?collectionCode=CFR&browsePath=Title+14%2FChapter+V%2FPart+1214%2FSubpart+1214.11&granuleId=CFR-2002-title14-vol5-part1214-subpart1214-11&packageId=CFR-2002-title14-vol5&collapse=true&fromBrowse=true CFR 1214.11 - NASA Astronaut Candidate Recruitment and Selection Program] US Code of Federal Regulations/ United States Government Publishing Office. §1214.1104: US Government. ''Evaluation and ranking of highly-qualified candidates.'' “... A rating panel composed of discipline experts will review and rate qualified applicants as “Qualified” or “<u>Highly Qualified.</u>” (e) Those rated “<u>Highly Qualified</u>” may be required to obtain a Class I or Class II physical. 54 FR 37940, Sept. 14, 1989, as amended at 68 FR 19948, Apr. 23, 2003 — NASA Astronaut Candidate Recruitment and Selection Program. §1214.1104 Evaluation and ranking of highly qualified candidates. 14 CFR 1214.11, Chapter V, Part 1214, Subpart 1214.11. US Government.</ref><ref>[https://www.quora.com/Has-anyone-found-that-theyve-been-categorized-as-highly-qualified-for-the-2017-NASA-astronaut-selection Has anyone found they've been categorized as '<u>Highly-Qualified</u>' for the 2017 NASA astronaut selection?]</ref> astronaut candidates for the next generation of space missions.
[[File:Keynote_Overview_–_The_Future_of_Spaceflight_–_Christopher_Altman_(1).png|right|frameless|308x308px]]
[[File:Keynote_Overview_–_The_Future_of_Spaceflight_–_Christopher_Altman_(2).png|right|frameless|308x308px]]
[[File:Keynote.png|right|frameless|460x460px]]
[[File:Keynote_Overview_Effect.png|right|thumb|300x300px|<small>broadcast live to 108 cities around the world: “The ﬁrst race to space was driven by national competition—a race for supremacy between the US and the USSR.” ...  “Our contemporary generation today needs its own inspiration, its own Sputnik moment—its own Moon shot.” ...  “In the generations to come, we will not only visit space—we will go there to stay. Earth will not just be a point of origin: it will become a destination.”</small>]]
Soon after his selection, Altman received an invitation to keynote European technology conference Mobile Monday: Amsterdam,<ref>[http://www.mobilemonday.net Mobile Monday: Amsterdam, May 30, 2011]</ref> an international technology gathering with chapters spread across 108 sister cities around the world, in what was to be the last meeting of its Amsterdam chapter. The morning of his planned call to his father to share the news, Altman was appraised of his unexpected death the night before. Following three days of deliberation, he dedicated the event as a lasting tribute to his father's early inspiration.<blockquote style="border-left: 5px solid #ccc;" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left: 5px solid #ccc;&quot;}">
Reflections gained through nighttime sojourns in rolling pastures near my grandparent's family home in the lush, forested countryside—with its rhythmic pulse of crickets and cicadas, watching fireflies flicker by—or on camping trips with friends, surrounded by the crimson majesty of snow-capped mountains, all ensured that vision continued to grow every year. Every time I looked out to the sky, my eyes took in the reflection of the heavens, the cosmos, the constellations whirling about—a song of stellar synchrony, a symphony of light.
</blockquote><blockquote>''—'' Keynote: ''Inner Space, Outer Space: Connect, Inspire, Empower''<ref name=":2122" /></blockquote>Musician Kenji Williams, founder of musical group Bella Gaia,<ref name=":322">[http://www.caltech.edu/content/bella-gaia-beautiful-earth-poetic-vision-earth-space Bella Gaia (Beautiful Earth) – A Poetic Vision of Earth From Space]. The California Institute of Technology, 2018-01-11</ref> which layers hyperspectral NASA satellite imagery with live musical performances to convey the fragility of our environment and the power of the Overview Effect—the “profound spiritual transformation experienced by astronauts on seeing the Earth from space,” contributed footage towards the keynote, which in turn was broadcast to 108 sister cities around the world.

With a focus ranging from the looking glass of childhood recollections on nature to the importance of belief and ideals in shaping the future, the speech “integrates science, technology and spirituality into a coherent whole,” and “seamlessly conveys a transformational shift in global human consciousness, interlacing physics and technology with consciousness and spirituality to catalyze the next shift in human evolution.”<ref name=":132">[http://superconducting.blogspot.com/2012/05/superheroes.html San Francisco — One Year Later — Reflections on Mobile Monday Amsterdam: Space, May 30, 2011]. Cohærence* and Quantum Technology.</ref><blockquote style="border-left: 5px solid #ccc;" data-ve-attributes="{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;border-left: 5px solid #ccc;&quot;}">Belief—like fear, or like love—is a profound and powerful force. It’s one of the most powerful motivating forces in our universe. Belief has fundamentally shaped the course of world history all around us. Look no further than the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, to the Japanese pilots of the kamikaze attack waves and their belief in the divine wind—or to the forces that drove forward those who led the attacks on the Twin Towers in September of 2001. Look to the Stasi of Hitler’s Third Reich, to the Gestapo, the secret state police of East Germany—to the dictators of the Cold War, Stalin and Mao in Communist Russia and China —or to the deep roots of belief that drive the Israeli-Palestinian conflict to this day. 
Belief can give birth to movements that arise as a powerful wave sweeping over and wholly transforming communities, cultures and societies: the Indian fight for independence under the leadership of its first national revolutionary, Gandhi—the suffrage movement that gave women the right to vote or the equal rights movement unified and carried forth under Martin Luther King. Look to the 1960’s sexual revolution, the end of South African Apartheid, or to the Arab Spring movements that erupted like wildfire, sweeping ’cross the world in 2010.
Belief can fuel a singular vision to channel the collective drive of our most talented scientists and engineers, propelling their best efforts forward—pooling them together to harness the powers of the Sun itself, to demonstrate mass-energy equivalence in a single blinding flash that transformed the modern landscape of world history: the Manhattan Project’s Trinity Test. Belief can make a reality of our very first footsteps on the Moon, only a few short years after Kennedy's impassioned call mobilized our collective will to beat the Soviets to that same goal—the Apollo missions.
Belief can call us forwards, to rise up together as one.
Belief can lead nations.
</blockquote><blockquote>''— Keynote:'' ''Inner Space, Outer Space: Connect, Inspire, Empower''<ref name=":2122" /></blockquote>
[[File:Ducati_996_SPS.jpg|308x308px|<small>Ducati 916 SPS 996 Sport Production Special</small>|right|frameless]]

===Astronaut training===
[[File:NASTAR_High_G_Centrifuge_Training.jpg|300x300px|<small>Suborbital launch profile: High-G centrifuge training at the US National Aerospace Training and Research Center</small>|thumb]]
[[File:AGSOL_Spaceflight_Training_—_Christopher_Altman.jpg|border|thumb|300x300px|<small>'''Multi-Axes Rotation and Tilt Device''' (MART). 3 ''g'', 800deg/''s'' <sup>2</sup> rotation capability. Space Motion Sickness (SMS) adaptation, Sirius Astronaut Training, Ashton Graybiel Spatial Orientation Laboratory</small> <ref>[http://www.brandeis.edu/graybiel/facilities/mart.html Multi-Axes Rotation and Tilt Device | Ashton Graybiel Spatial Orientation Laboratory | Brandeis University]</ref>]]
[[File:AGSOL_Astronaut_Training.jpg|border|thumb|300x300px|<small>Full-speed MART SMS sequence at 3 ''g'', 800deg/''s'' <sup>2</sup> maximum multi-axis rotation and tilt</small>]]
[[File:Commercial_astronauts_SCUBA_training_East_Coast.jpg|border|right|thumb|398x398px|<small>SCUBA diving during inaugural spaceflight training</small>]]
[[File:Association_of_Spaceflight_Professionals_conduct_NASA_Microgravity_Testing.jpg|thumb|300x300px|
<small>[[Association of Spaceflight Professionals]] flight members conduct research in a NASA Zero G parabolic flight</small>]]
{{Yt|JJl5oM2wulk|308|right|<small>[[Association of Spaceflight Professionals]]</small>}}

As commercial adjunct to the NASA Astronaut Corps, candidates selected for the commercial corps are held to exacting standards.<ref name=":15" /> Applicants are vetted through a rigorous evaluation process modeled after that of the NASA corps, incorporating guidance and direction from a selection panel of veteran astronauts, astronaut trainers, and experienced spaceflight professionals.<ref name=":16" />

Several members have interviewed as finalists in national astronaut candidate selection campaigns;<ref>[http://www.thespaceshow.com/guest/dr.-erik-seedhouse Dr. Erik Seedhouse {{!}} The Space Show]</ref><ref name=":Toronto">[https://www.utoronto.ca/news/u-t-alumni-make-shortlist-become-canada-s-next-astronauts U of T alumni make shortlist to become Canada’s next astronauts]</ref><ref name=":210">[http://www.gi.alaska.edu/alaska-science-forum/astronaut-recruit-alaska-makes-good-analog-space Astronaut recruit: Alaska makes a good analog for space {{!}} Geophysical Institute]</ref><ref name=":232">[http://news.engineering.utoronto.ca/engineering-grad-watch-astronaut-hire-aaron-persad/ Engineering grad to watch: astronaut for hire Aaron Persad - U of T Engineering News]. 2014-11-20. U of T Engineering News</ref> one has completed an orbital mission conducting scientific experiments aboard the International Space Station. South Korean Astronaut Soyeon Yi, the first Korean to fly in space, is an active member of the corps and serves on its board of directors.<ref>[http://www.spaceflightprofessionals.org/plans/memberships Membership: Association of Spaceflight Professionals]</ref>

Flight members have lived, worked and trained together with NASA and government astronauts from other countries, as well as serving as astronaut instructors themselves—training both NASA astronauts and Astronaut Candidates in specialist areas such as Space Exploration Vehicles (SEV), Extravehicular Activity (EVA) and critical space mission operational tasks.

<ref>[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0094576512000276 Historical synopses of desert RATS 1997–2010 and a preview of desert RATS]. Acta Astronautica 90, 2. 182–202 Bibcode=2013AcAau..90..182R. DOI=10.1016/j.actaastro.2012.02.003. ISSN=0094-5765 (Accessed 2018-03-01).</ref><ref>[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0094576511003183 Tools and technologies needed for conducting planetary field geology while on EVA: Insights from the 2010 Desert RATS geologist]. Acta Astronautica 90, 2. 3232–343. Bibcode=2013AcAau..90..332Y. DOI=10.1016/j.actaastro.2011.10.016 ISSN=0094-5765. (Accessed 2018-03-01)</ref><ref name=":16">[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S009457651200080X Desert Research and Technology Studies (DRATS) 2010 science operations: Operational approaches and lessons learned for managing science during human planetary surface missions]. Acta Astronautica 90, 2 224–241. Bibcode: 2013AcAau..90..224E doi:10.1016 j.actaastro.2012.03.009 issn:0094-5765</ref><ref>[https://admin.utep.edu/Default.aspx?tabid=67222|title=UTEP Professor’s Skills Critical to NASA’s RATS Patrol]</ref><ref>[https://www.nasa.gov/exploration/analogs/desertrats/drats2011_crew.html NASA: Meet the 2010 Desert RATS Crew]</ref><ref>[http://www.astronauts4hire.org/2009/12/seedhouse.html Astronauts for Hire: Erik Seedhouse]</ref><ref>[http://pacificspacecenter.com/about/projects/ Projects & Programs {{!}} PISCES Hawaii]</ref>

In 2011, the organization's inaugural class of four commercial astronaut candidates: Altman, Reimuller, Seedhouse and Shiro completed suborbital research scientist training, underwater emergency egress and sea survival training, and spatial orientation-disorientation testing and acclimation,<ref name="EMERGENCY_TRAINING2">"[https://web.archive.org/web/20110808031715/http://www.astronauts4hire.org/2011/07/press-release-astronauts4hire-members_2816.html Astronauts for Hire Members Complete Emergency & Sea Survival Training]"</ref><ref name="AGSOL2">"[https://web.archive.org/web/20110720004110/http://www.astronauts4hire.org/2011/06/press-release-astronauts4hire-announces.html Astronauts for Hire Announces Summer Training Schedule]"</ref> surpassing performance standards designed in strict adherence to meet or exceed FAA Commercial Astronaut certification and licensing guidelines<ref>2013 Next-Generation Suborbital Researchers Conference, “A Training Roadmap for Commercial Suborbital Spaceflight Participants.” Mindy Howard, Brienna Henwood, Ben McGee.</ref><ref>Wooldridge, L., Seedhouse, E., Shiro, B., Reimuller,J. (2010-2012) A4h Suborbital Scientist Astronaut Qualification Standards, Astronauts For Hire, Inc.</ref><ref>Wooldridge, A., Reimuller,J. (2012) Commercial Spaceflight Astronaut Syllabus.</ref>  as defined by the Office of Commercial Space Transportation under 14 CFR 460, Human Spaceflight Requirements,<ref name=":15">[https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/14/part-460 14 CFR Part 460 - HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT REQUIREMENTS]. LII / Legal Information Institute</ref> 14 CFR 460.5, Crew qualifications and training,<ref>[https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/14/460.5 14 CFR 460.5 - Crew qualifications and training]. Legal Information Institute</ref> and the Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act, Public Law 108-492, 118, Statute 3978.<ref>[https://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ast/media/PL108-492.pdf US Congress Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act of 200]</ref><ref name=":92">[https://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ast/programs/international_affairs/media/Industry_Standards_paper_IAC_Sept_2013_FAAfinal.pdf IAC-13-E6.4.5 – Industry Standards for Commercial Space Transportation].</ref><ref name=":102">[https://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ast/regulations/ Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) chapter III, Commercial Space Transportation], Federal Aviation Administration, Department of Transportation.</ref><ref name=":112">[https://www.iso.org/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/news/magazine/ISO%20Focus%2B%20(2010-2013)/en/2011/ISO%20Focus%2B%2C%20October%202011.pdf International Standards Organization: Opening Space]</ref>

=== Director of the Board, Chief Science Officer ===
As Director of the Board and Chief Science Officer, Altman led collaboration on forward-looking proposals to NASA's Flight Opportunities Program through the Institute for Advanced Concepts Office (NIAC), the Office of the Chief Technologist (OCT) and DARPA's Quiness Macroscopic Quantum Communications program, helped develop and expand the corps training program and continued as advocate for widespread access to space.<ref name="NASA vs. the free market: Which is better for American space dominance?22">[http://www.digitaltrends.com/cool-tech/nasa-vs-the-free-market-which-is-better-for-american-space-dominance/ "NASA vs. the free market: Which is better for American space dominance?"], "Digital Trends.com," accessed August 28, 2016.</ref><ref name=":262">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180123131652/https://further-future.squarespace.com/whoswho/ Speakers: Further Future {{!}} TED Meets Burning Man]. Archive.org (Acccessed 2018-01-23).</ref><ref name=":242">[http://www.tedxbeaconstreet.com/speakers/christopher-altman/ TEDxBeaconStreet {{!}} Speakers: Christopher Altman]. (Accessed 2018-01-01).</ref><ref name=":0" />

=== NASA-funded Manned Spaceflight Missions  ===
The organization's first manned spaceflight missions were funded by NASA through the Flight Opportunities Program in 2012. Several million in funding has been allocated for detailed spectroscopic analysis of high-altitude noctilucent cloud formations on suborbital flights using rapidly reusable, task-and-deploy spaceplanes.<ref>Reimuller, J. ''et al.'' ''[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMSA33B1993R PoSSUM: Polar Suborbital Science in the Upper Mesosphere]''. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2013, abstract id. SA33B-1993. [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMSA33B1993R adsabs.harvard.edu]. “An acronym for Polar Suborbital Science in the Upper Mesosphere, PoSSUM grew from the opportunity created by the Noctilucent Cloud Imagery and Tomography Experiment, selected by the NASA Flight Opportunities Program as Experiment 46-S in March 2012.”</ref><ref>Messier, Doug. ''[http://www.parabolicarc.com/2015/02/24/54721/ Project PoSSUM Graduates First Class of Scientist-Astronauts].'' Parabolic Arc. February 24, 2015. “The project evolved from the Noctilucent Cloud Imagery and Tomography experiment, selected by NASA’s Flight Opportunities Program in March 2012 as experiment 46-S. PoSSUM is managed by Integrated Spaceflight Services under principal investigator Jason Reimuller, Vice President and COO, Association of Spaceflight Professionals.”</ref><ref>''[http://nasa-newsblog.blogspot.com/2015/03/a4h-members-complete-possum-scientist.html Association of Spaceflight Professionals (A4H) Members Complete PoSSUM Scientist-Astronaut Training.]'' NASA News Blog. March 05, 2015. “The Association of Spaceflight Professionals (Astronauts for Hire) would like to congratulate six of its members for completing the inaugural PoSSUM Scientist-Astronaut Qualification Program that was held from February 7-10, 2015 at the Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University in Daytona Beach, Florida. This project uses commercial suborbital spacecraft to study rare noctilucent clouds that can help scientists address critical questions about the Earth’s climate. It evolved from the “Noctilucent Cloud Imagery and Tomography Experiment,” selected by NASA’s Flight Opportunities Program in March 2012 as experiment 46-S.”</ref><ref>''[https://www.boulder.swri.edu/NSRC2013/Site2/PDF/Reimuller_abstract1.pdf The PoSSUM Campaign: Polar Suborbital Science in the Upper Mesosphere]''. Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colorado. [www.swri.org Southwest Research Institute]. “PoSSUM will optimize the opportunity created by the “PMC Imagery and Tomography Experiment”, a high-latitude campaign selected by the NASA Flight Opportunities Program (Experiment 46-S) to study the small-scale dynamics of PMCs (polar mesospheric clouds). The PoSSUM Project will make full use of the 46-S opportunity by fully utilizing all available payload space and campaign deployment time to optimize technology maturation and science return while validating a repeatable, low-cost means to study seasonal trends of PMCs.”</ref><ref>NASA. ''[https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/spacetech/flightopportunities/about About NASA Flight Opportunities].'' nasa.gov. “The Flight Opportunities program within the NASA Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD) strategically invests in the growth of the commercial spaceflight market by providing flight opportunities to test space exploration and utilization technologies on commercially available suborbital flight platforms.” NASA. Retrieved 15 April 2019.</ref><ref name=":93">[https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-selects-commercial-lower-cost-suborbital-firms-to-test-space-technologies Flight Opportunities Program Selects New Technologies for Flight Tests]. NASA 2017-12-18.</ref><ref name=":103">[https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/spacetech/flightopportunities/flightproviders Commercial Suborbital Flight Providers]. Suborbital Reusable Launch Vehicles (sRLV). NASA (Accessed 2018-03-01).</ref><ref name=":310">[https://www.nasa.gov/centers/armstrong/news/newsreleases/15-25.html NASA Selects New Technologies for Flight Opportunities Program]. NASA (2017-12-18).</ref>

The NASA Commercial Crew program, with official industry partners Boeing and SpaceX, is ramping up to launch its first manned test flights in the second half of 2018. SpaceX maintains an expected launch date of August 2018 for its first flight, followed by a second manned test in December for its Dragon 2.0 capsule, which both NASA and commercial astronauts will use together to access the International Space Station. Commercial space stations under development include Bigelow Aerospace and Axiom Space.<ref>[https://www.axiomspace.com/ Axiom Commercial Space Station]. Axiom Space (Accessed 2018-03-01).</ref><ref>[https://www.space.com/37079-axiom-commercial-space-station-manufacturing.html 1st Private Space Station Will Become an Off-Earth Manufacturing Hub]. Space.com</ref> Each will enlist commercial crew once testing is complete. Robert Bigelow, of Bigelow Aerospace, has already set out plans for lunar bases.<ref name=":8">[https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-commercial-crew-program-mission-in-sight-for-2018 NASA Commercial Crew Program Mission in Sight for 201]</ref><ref>[https://www.space.com/39335-commercial-crew-test-launches-begin-2018.html Commercial Crew Test Launches by SpaceX, Boeing Will Begin This Year]. Space.com. 2018-01-17</ref><ref>[http://spacenews.com/spacex-delays-commercial-crew-test-flights-to-latter-half-of-2018 SpaceX delays commercial crew test flights to latter half of 2018]. SpaceNews.com</ref><ref>[https://www.space.com/g00/10634-moon-base-lunar-outpost-technology.html?i10c.encReferrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS5waC8=&i10c.ua=1 Back to the Moon: How New Lunar Bases Will Work]</ref>