Редактирование: RARA (раздел)

==Publications==

{{medline-entry
|title=Spermatogonia differentiation requires retinoic acid receptor γ.
|pubmed-url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22045663
|abstract=Vitamin A is instrumental to mammalian reproduction. Its metabolite, retinoic acid (RA), acts in a hormone-like manner through binding to and activating three nuclear receptor isotypes, RA receptor (RAR)α ([[RARA]]), RARβ, and RARγ ([[RARG]]). Here, we show that 1) [[RARG]] is expressed by A aligned (A(al)) spermatogonia, as well as during the transition from A(al) to A(1) spermatogonia, which is known to require RA; and 2) ablation of Rarg, either in the whole mouse or specifically in spermatogonia, does not affect meiosis and spermiogenesis but impairs the A(al) to A(1) transition in the course of some of the seminiferous epithelium cycles. Upon ageing, this phenomenon yields seminiferous tubules containing only spermatogonia and Sertoli cells. Altogether, our findings indicate that [[RARG]] cell-autonomously transduces, in undifferentiated spermatogonia of adult testes, a RA signal critical for spermatogenesis. During the prepubertal spermatogenic wave, the loss of [[RARG]] function can however be compensated by [[RARA]], as indicated by the normal timing of appearance of meiotic cells in Rarg-null testes. Accordingly, [[RARG]]- and [[RARA]]-selective agonists are both able to stimulate Stra8 expression in wild-type prepubertal testes. Interestingly, inactivation of Rarg does not impair expression of the spermatogonia differentiation markers Kit and Stra8, contrary to vitamin A deficiency. This latter observation supports the notion that the RA-signaling pathway previously shown to operate in Sertoli cells also participates in spermatogonia differentiation.
|mesh-terms=* Aging
* Animals
* Base Sequence
* DNA Primers
* Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
* Male
* Meiosis
* Mice
* Mice, 129 Strain
* Mice, Inbred C57BL
* Mice, Knockout
* Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
* Receptors, Retinoic Acid
* Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha
* Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
* Signal Transduction
* Spermatogenesis
* Spermatogonia
* Testis
* Vitamin A Deficiency

|full-text-url=https://sci-hub.do/10.1210/en.2011-1102
}}
{{medline-entry
|title=Trim24 (Tif1 alpha): an essential 'brake' for retinoic acid-induced transcription to prevent liver cancer.
|pubmed-url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19029830
|abstract=Retinoic acid (RA), the active derivative of vitamin A, is an important signaling molecule that controls various developmental processes and influence the proliferation and differentiation of a variety of cell types. RA exerts its biological functions primarily through binding to and activating nuclear RA receptors (RARs, which include the RAR alpha, beta and gamma isotypes [[RARA]], [[RARB]] and RARC). Aberrant expression or impaired function of these nuclear receptors has been linked to diverse types of cancer. RARs are RA-dependent transcription factors that regulate gene expression through the recruitment of different co-regulators (co-activators and co-repressors). [[TRIM24]] (formerly known as TIF1 alpha) was among the first co-regulators identified as interacting with RARs in a ligand-dependent fashion, and it was recently shown to function in mice as a potent liver-specific tumor suppressor by attenuating Rara-mediated transcription. The fact that Trim24(-/-), but not Trim24(-/-)Rara( /-), mutant mice are highly predisposed to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has significant implications in cancer research. This result, along with the observation that in response to pharmacological inhibition of the RA signaling, hepatocytes lacking Trim24 loose their ability to proliferate, strongly implicates Rara as a proto-oncogene in hepatocytes and demonstrates that overactivated RA signaling is deleterious to liver homeostasis.
|mesh-terms=* Aging
* Animals
* Cell Proliferation
* Hepatocytes
* Homeostasis
* Liver Neoplasms
* Mice
* Nuclear Proteins
* Phenotype
* Polyploidy
* Receptors, Retinoic Acid
* Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha
* Transcription Factors
* Transcription, Genetic
* Tretinoin

|full-text-url=https://sci-hub.do/10.4161/cc.7.23.7123
}}