Редактирование: PTMA (раздел)

==Publications==

{{medline-entry
|title=Expression of prothymosin alpha in meiotic and post-meiotic germ cells during the first wave of rat spermatogenesis.
|pubmed-url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20432433
|abstract=Prothymosin alpha ([[PTMA]]) is a highly acidic small polypeptide, that is, widely distributed and conserved among mammals. Its possible involvement in male gametogenesis has been mentioned but not clarified yet; in particular, it has been suggested that, in non-mammalian vertebrates, it could play a role during [[GC]] meiosis and differentiation. In the present work we investigated the possible association between [[PTMA]] and meiotic and post-meiotic phases of mammalian spermatogenesis. Three different time points during postnatal development of rat testis were analyzed, that is, 27 dpp (completed meiosis), 35 dpp (occurring spermiogenesis), and 60 dpp (first wave of spermatogenesis definitely ended). RT-PCR and Western blot analyses showed that the expression levels of both Ptma mRNA and corresponding protein decrease in total extracts from 27 to 60 dpp. The in situ hybridization localized the transcript in interstitial Leydig cells, peritubular myoid cells and, inside the tubules, in germ cells from pachytene spermatocytes to newly formed haploid spermatids. The immunohistochemistry analysis localized the protein in the same cell types at 27 dpp, while at 35 and 60 dpp the haploid cells remain the only germ cells that still express it. In particular, [[PTMA]] specific localization in the heads of spermatids and epididymal spermatozoa, associated with the acrosome system, supports for the first time the hypothesis of a direct function in male germ cells.
|mesh-terms=* Aging
* Animals
* Animals, Newborn
* Epididymis
* Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
* Male
* Meiosis
* Protein Precursors
* RNA, Messenger
* Rats
* Rats, Sprague-Dawley
* Spermatogenesis
* Spermatozoa
* Testis
* Thymosin

|full-text-url=https://sci-hub.do/10.1002/jcp.22131
}}
{{medline-entry
|title=Moment arms of the knee extensor mechanism in children and adults.
|pubmed-url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19493189
|abstract=In the present study we investigated whether there are differences in the patellar tendon moment arm ([[PTMA]])-knee angle relationship between pre-pubertal children and adults, and whether the [[PTMA]] length scales to relevant anthropometric measurements in the two groups. Anthropometric characteristics and the [[PTMA]] length-joint angle relationships were determined in 20 adults and 20 pre-pubertal children of both genders. The anthropometric characteristics measured were height, body mass, knee circumference, medio-lateral knee breadth, anterior-posterior knee depth, leg length, femur length and tibia length. The [[PTMA]] was quantified from magnetic resonance images using the geometric centre of the femoral condyle method, at every 5 degrees between 55 degrees and 90 degrees of knee flexion (0 degrees is full extension). Adults had a significantly greater [[PTMA]] length at all joint angles (4.2  /- 0.4 vs. 3.6  /- 0.3 cm at 90 degrees ; P < 0.01), with the [[PTMA]] length decreasing from knee extension to knee flexion similarly in both adults and children. There were no significant and strong correlations between the [[PTMA]] and anthropometric measures in adults for any joint angle. In contrast, the [[PTMA]] correlated and scaled with anthropometric characteristics for the children (P < 0.05, r = 0.49-0.9) at all joint angles. The [[PTMA]] length in children was most accurately predicted at 85 degrees of flexion from the equation [[PTMA]] = -0.25   0.083 x tibia length   0.02 x leg length (R(2) = 0.83). These findings indicate that the knee extensor mechanism in pre-pubertal children should not be considered to be a 'scaled-down' version of that in adults.
|mesh-terms=* Adult
* Aging
* Anthropometry
* Child
* Female
* Humans
* Knee Joint
* Magnetic Resonance Imaging
* Male
* Patellar Ligament
* Range of Motion, Articular
* Young Adult

|full-text-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2740967
}}