Редактирование: Longevity (раздел)

==Definition==

The ''[[Italian Transhumanist Manifesto]]'' characterises longevism as a transhumanist stance in terms of "extension of the human lifespan and life expectancy within the limit of the opportunities increasingly offered by biological and physical sciences".<ref name="campa" /> Journalist Ozzy King has described life extensionism as a worldwide ideology dedicated to attaining radical life extension technology within one's lifetime.<ref name="king">King, Ozzy (8 August 2015). "Live Long Enough To Live Forever! (Part One)". ''St. Lucia Star''. "If anyone feels like Woody, he will be elated to discover that the 21st century is most accommodating as world-renowned scientists like Aubrey de Grey and Ray Kurzweil are convinced that radical life-extending technology is achievable within our lifetime. In fact, there is worldwide ideology known as life extensionism dedicated to achieving that very mission."</ref>

Philosopher Christine Overall defines "prolongevitism" as "the belief that a significant extension of life is both possible and desirable".<ref name="overall">Overall, Christine (1 December 2004). "Optimism, Pessimism, and the Desire for Longer Life". ''The Gerontologist''. '''44''' (6): 847–851. doi:10.1093/geront/44.6.847. Retrieved 28 December 2017. "The specific form of meliorism that interests Gruman is given the awkward name 'prolongevitism,' meaning the belief that a significant extension of life is both possible and desirable."</ref> This term was introduced by Dr. [[Gerald Gruman]] in his ''[[A History of Ideas About the Prolongation of Life]]'', which distinguishes the idea into further categories, such as "religious prolongevitism", "magic prolongevitism", and "natural prolongevitism".<ref name="gruman">Gruman, Gerald J. (1966). "A History of Ideas about the Prolongation of Life: The Evolution of Prolongevity Hypotheses to 1800". ''Transactions of the American Philosophical Society''. '''56''' (9): 1–102.</ref>

In his book ''[[A History of Life-extensionism in the Twentieth Century]]'', [[Ilia Stambler]] defines "life-extensionism" as an ideology that views extreme [[life extension]] as ethically desirable and scientifically achievable. He emphasizes that it "is not a method" but "is an aspiration and a motivation". He also describes a "life-extensionist movement", the adherence to which he defines as as openly expressing a desire for "maximal life prolongation" for oneself, one's group, or as many people as possible. However, Stambler notes that precise definitions of these terms are difficult to say, adding that "life-extensionism" is a recent term with uncertain origins. Anyway, he proposes designation of "life-extensionist" to all life-extension proponents. Stambler further introduces sub-categorizations based on aspirational life span: "moderate life-extensionist" for 100-120 years, "radical life-extensionist" beyond that, and "[[Immortalism|immortalist]]" for "virtually no potential limit".<ref name="stambler />

Longevists have been described as "desirous of living as long and healthy a life as possible"<ref name="alcor">[http://www.alcor.org/blog/research_at_the_caloric_restri/ "Research at the Calorie Restriction Society"]. ''Alcor News''. Alcor Life Extension Foundation. October 25, 2006. Retrieved 6 May 2015. "Since your Alcor membership defines you as extremely interested in living life, I imagine that you are also a longevist – desirous of living as long and healthy a life as possible."</ref> and "individuals who attempt to apply themselves current knowledge about the control of aging".<ref name="ronin">Editors of Ronin Publishing (June 25, 1996). "Preface". ''Fountains of Youth: How to Live Longer and Healthier''. Ronin Publishing. p. xix. ISBN [[Wikipedia:Special:BookSources/0914171763|0914171763]]. "Longevists are not necessarily gerontologists, but are individuals who attempt to apply themselves current knowledge about the control of aging."</ref> They have also been described as believing in the power of various techniques of modern science to fundamentally and positively alter human biology.<ref name="juvenescence">Jim Mellon; Al Chalabi (2017). [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Hk87DwAAQBAJ ''Juvenescence: Investing in the age of longevity'']. Harriman House. ISBN 0993047823. Retrieved 30 December 2017.</ref>

[[Extropianism|Extropian]] [[Max More]] defined a longevist as a "person who seeks to extend their life beyond current norms (but who may not wish to live forever)".<ref name="more"/> Oxford researcher [[Anders Sandberg]] has described longevism as the "more plausible sibling" of [[immortalism]].<ref name="sandberg" /> In a poll by the [[World Transhumanist Association]], 93% of WTA members were said to believe in longevism rather than immortalism.<ref name="campa" /> However, abolishing death has been seen as "the logical extension of longevism".<ref name="dormandy">Dormandy, Thomas (March 2000). ''The White Death: A History of Tuberculosis''. New York University Press. p. 432. ISBN [[Wikipedia:Special:BookSources/0814719279|0814719279]]. "And, it goes without saying, the logical extension of longevism – the 'abolition' of death – would not be a solution but only an exacerbation."</ref>