Редактирование: GPR4 (раздел)

==Publications==

{{medline-entry
|title=The proton-activated receptor [[GPR4]] modulates glucose homeostasis by increasing insulin sensitivity.
|pubmed-url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24296356
|abstract=The proton-activated G protein-coupled receptor [[GPR4]] is expressed in many tissues including white adipose tissue. [[GPR4]] is activated by extracellular protons in the physiological pH range (i.e. pH 7.7 - 6.8) and is coupled to the production of cAMP. We examined mice lacking [[GPR4]] and examined glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in young and aged mice as well as in mice fed with a high fat diet. Expression profiles of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in white adipose tissue, liver and skeletal muscle was assessed. Here we show that mice lacking [[GPR4]] have an improved intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and increased insulin sensitivity. Insulin levels were comparable but leptin levels were increased in [[GPR4]] KO mice. Gpr4-/- showed altered expression of PPARa, IL-6, IL-10, TNFa, and TGF-1b in skeletal muscle, white adipose tissue, and liver. High fat diet abolished the differences in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity between Gpr4 /  and Gpr4-/- mice. In contrast, in aged mice (12 months old), the positive effect of [[GPR4]] deficiency on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity was maintained. Liver and adipose tissue showed no major differences in the mRNA expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory factors between aged mice of both genotypes. Thus, [[GPR4]] deficiency improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. The effect may involve an altered balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory factors in insulin target tissues.
|mesh-terms=* Adipose Tissue, White
* Aging
* Animals
* Diet, High-Fat
* Gene Expression Regulation
* Glucose
* Glucose Tolerance Test
* Homeostasis
* Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
* Insulin Resistance
* Interleukin-10
* Interleukin-6
* Liver
* Mice
* Mice, Knockout
* Muscle, Skeletal
* Obesity
* PPAR alpha
* Protein Disulfide-Isomerases
* Protons
* Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

|full-text-url=https://sci-hub.do/10.1159/000356578
}}