Редактирование: CCM2 (раздел)

==Publications==

{{medline-entry
|title=Vascular permeability in cerebral cavernous malformations.
|pubmed-url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25966944
|abstract=Patients with the familial form of cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are haploinsufficient for the CCM1, [[CCM2]], or CCM3 gene. Loss of corresponding CCM proteins increases RhoA kinase-mediated endothelial permeability in vitro, and in mouse brains in vivo. A prospective case-controlled observational study investigated whether the brains of human subjects with familial CCM show vascular hyperpermeability by dynamic contrast-enhanced quantitative perfusion magnetic resonance imaging, in comparison with CCM cases without familial disease, and whether lesional or brain vascular permeability correlates with CCM disease activity. Permeability in white matter far (WMF) from lesions was significantly greater in familial than in sporadic cases, but was similar in CCM lesions. Permeability in WMF increased with age in sporadic patients, but not in familial cases. Patients with more aggressive familial CCM disease had greater WMF permeability compared to those with milder disease phenotype, but similar lesion permeability. Subjects receiving statin medications for routine cardiovascular indications had a trend of lower WMF, but not lesion, permeability. This is the first demonstration of brain vascular hyperpermeability in humans with an autosomal dominant disease, as predicted mechanistically. Brain permeability, more than lesion permeability, may serve as a biomarker of CCM disease activity, and help calibrate potential drug therapy. 
|mesh-terms=* Adolescent
* Adult
* Aged
* Aging
* Biomarkers
* Brain Ischemia
* Capillary Permeability
* Cerebrovascular Circulation
* Child
* Child, Preschool
* Female
* Genotype
* Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System
* Humans
* Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
* Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
* Magnetic Resonance Imaging
* Male
* Middle Aged
* Observer Variation
* Pilot Projects
* Young Adult

|full-text-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4640319
}}
{{medline-entry
|title=Conditional deletion of Ccm2 causes hemorrhage in the adult brain: a mouse model of human cerebral cavernous malformations.
|pubmed-url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21596842
|abstract=Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) are irregularly shaped and enlarged capillaries in the brain that are prone to hemorrhage, resulting in headaches, seizures, strokes and even death in patients. The disease affects up to 0.5% of the population and the inherited form has been linked to mutations in one of three genetic loci, CCM1, [[CCM2]] and CCM3. To understand the pathophysiology underlying the vascular lesions in CCM, it is critical to develop a reproducible mouse genetic model of this disease. Here, we report that limited conditional ablation of Ccm2 in young adult mice induces observable neurological dysfunction and reproducibly results in brain hemorrhages whose appearance is highly reminiscent of the lesions observed in human CCM patients. We first demonstrate that conventional or endothelial-specific deletion of Ccm2 leads to fatal cardiovascular defects during embryogenesis, including insufficient vascular lumen formation as well as defective arteriogenesis and heart malformation. These findings confirm and extend prior studies. We then demonstrate that the inducible deletion of Ccm2 in adult mice recapitulates the CCM-like brain lesions in humans; the lesions display disrupted vascular lumens, enlarged capillary cavities, loss of proper neuro-vascular associations and an inflammatory reaction. The CCM lesions also exhibit damaged neuronal architecture, the likely cause of neurologic defects, such as ataxia and seizure. These mice represent the first [[CCM2]] animal model for CCM and should provide the means to elucidate disease mechanisms and evaluate therapeutic strategies for human CCM.
|mesh-terms=* Aging
* Animals
* Blood Vessels
* Brain
* Disease Models, Animal
* Embryo, Mammalian
* Gene Deletion
* Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System
* Hemorrhage
* Humans
* Mice
* Mice, Inbred C57BL
* Mice, Mutant Strains
* Microfilament Proteins
* Neovascularization, Pathologic

|full-text-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3140822
}}