Редактирование: Technological resurrection

{{languages|Технологическое воскрешение}}

'''Technological resurrection''' is a set of transhumanist ideas around extreme [[life extension]] and [[immortalism|immortalist]] scenarios.
== History ==
Technological resurrection scenarios and philosophies has been speculated upon by transhumanists for many years.<ref>[https://ieet.org/index.php/IEET2/more/prisco20151011 Technological Resurrection Concepts From Fedorov to Quantum Archeology]</ref>
== Resurrection scenarios ==
=== Genetic ===
[[File:Hitler Clone.jpg|thumb|[[Cloning]] Hiter would most likely [[fascist transhumanism|be a bad idea]]]]
Humans already possess a rudimentary kind of immortality though successfully reproducing and passing on genes to their offspring. This type of immortality is already widely accepted in society.

Widely available [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm_bank sperm banks] offer long-term storage of genetic material, and other types of genetic material may be stored cryogenically.

Whilst [[cloning]] [http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/YouClonedHitler Hitler] is a popular trope, it is more a vehicle for continuity of ideas than that of the individual.
=== Advanced technological repair ===
[[File:Agnew.jpg|thumb|right|[[Futurama]]'s ubiquitous suspended heads occasionally acquire new bodies, hinting at the possibility of semi-biological immortalism]]
The most established way to be extremely long-lived with personal continuity today is via [[cryonics]] suspension. Cryonics is currently a one-way street, and as such, one must hope 'resurrection' is in some way or form in a future that has mastered [[nanotechnology]] and/or [[mind uploading]]. Reanimating a person would critically involve the reversal of the brain-damage caused by both the cryopreservation process and other trauma such as oxygen deprivation to a sufficient level to preserve continuity of self. Then there is the relatively trivial process of repairing the rest of the body, or growing a new cloned body and reintegrating the repaired brain.

Arguably this is no more 'resurrection' than when one successfully performs CPR to restore a heartbeat or breathing, perform an advanced neurological procedure to awaken someone from a coma, or other types of investigatory or emergency medicine.

Such a method offers relatively palatable [[biological immortalism]].
=== Uploading ===
==== Non-destructive uploading ====
[[Non-destructive uploading]] refers to hypothetical methods, such as non-destructive high-resolution scanning of the brain for the purposes of [[whole brain emulation]].

Other methods include 'piece-by-piece- uploading of the brain functions into a non-biological substrate.
==== Destructive mind uploading ====
Many suggest that [[whole brain emulation]] is a convergent goal of immortalism. Whilst the [[A Taxonomy and Metaphysics of Mind-Uploading|taxonomies may be complex]], most transhumanists believe that a person could be '[[mind uploading|uploaded]]' to a machine at least with the destruction of the original. This is predicated on the need for high-resolution destructive 'scanning' of brain tissue.

This method has the advantage of being theoretically simpler to use with the damaged brain of a cryonics patient or indeed a relatively healthy person wishing to explore new levels of existence and mortality within a machine.

==== Continuity facsimiles ====
[[File:Arnold rimmer 1.jpg|thumb|Lister: Rimmer!  You're a hologram?! Rimmer: Yes.  That's because I'm dead.  Dead as a can of spam.  And it's  all thanks to you.]]
Once you (or a copy of you) are uploaded, a facimile or continuation of your original form may live on in many possible forms.

In Peter F. Hamilton's [[Commonwealth Saga]],<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Saga#Longevity</ref> all humans are backing up their personalities and memories most of the time to 'secure stores', allowing a reconstructed version of themselves to take their place if they die. This idea was explored earlier in [[Red Dwarf]], where the insufferable hologram [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Rimmer Arnold J Rimmer] constantly complains about his original self being dead and unappreciated.

In [[Black Mirror]] episode [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Junipero San Junipero], a therapy simulation independently doubled as a vessel to house the consciousness of its users after their death.

A single personal continuity approach mostly sidesteps complex issues of whether 'you' can exist in multiple forms at once, arguing which is the 'real' you. See [[CGP Grey]]'s '[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nQHBAdShgYI 'The Trouble with Transporters'] for more on this problem.

=== Reconstructed facsimiles ===
The 21st century is making a kind of informational/cultural immortality easier than ever. No longer will you need to be the most famous or most powerful for your information to be captured, information from social media, digital recordings and other records could potentially be enough to create a passable facsimile of yourself in the future. Examples in fiction include a romantic partner in [[Black Mirror]]'s 'Be Right Back'<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Be_Right_Back</ref> and famous philosopher Alan Watts in [[Her]].

Information stored about the average person from the digital age and beyond presents a wealth of material which can be simulated into a [[sentience|sentient]] or near-sentient consciousness, capable of operating in a biological or non-biological substrate.

In the future, it make be possible to construct an artificial consciousness imbued with many of the memories, personality and thinking of the original which could come very close to emulating the original. For this reason [[Ray Kurzweil]] is storing many of his deceased father's possessions in anticipation of this time.<ref>[http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/futurist-ray-kurzweil-bring-dead-father-back-life/story?id=14267712 Futurist Ray Kurzweil Says He Can Bring His Dead Father Back to Life Through a Computer Avatar]</ref>

The [[Terasem Movement]]'s [[CyBeRev]]<ref>http://www.cyberev.org/</ref> and [[LifeNaut]].<ref>https://www.lifenaut.com/</ref> projects aim to formalise personal digital information capture for this purpose.

=== Simulation awakening ===
[[File:Matrix wake up.jpg|thumb|Awakening from [[The Matrix]]]]
The philosophical problem whether one is more than a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_in_a_vat brain in a vat] leaves open the possibility that one's true consciousness could in fact exist outside of the universe as we personally know it. The [[simulation hypothesis]] suggests that our universe may not be the 'real' one, opening up the possibility that one could awaken in a more real universe in the future.

=== Exotic sciences ===
[[Jonathan Jones]] argues in his 2017 book '[https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/36138459-technological-resurrection Technological Resurrection: A Thought Experiment] that destructive uploading in conjunction with a specially engineered spacetime wormhole could facilitate immortality potentially for every person ever born.

2011 film [[Source Code]]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_Code</ref> explores a world where a complex quantum computer simulation is actually able to tap into alternative realities to allow continuity of existence despite serious injury or death in the primary. Similar ideas around [[quantum suicide]] are explored in [[Dirk Bruere]] book [[The Praxis]].

== Other scenarios ==
Popular beliefs in an immortal soul or spirit may allow reincarnation<ref>[http://turingchurch.com/2012/06/28/could-reincarnation-be-real/ Could reincarnation be real?]</ref> or ascension to another plane of existence. This is not however supported by scientific observations. [[Christian transhumanism|Christian transhumanist]] [[Micah Redding]] has argued that the the promise of metaphysical resurrection can be interpreted as referring to a technological approach.<ref>[http://micahredding.com/blog/the-resurrection-is-technological The Resurrection is Technological]</ref>

The science fiction idea of a full 'genetic memory' as featured in [[Alien Resurrection]]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_Resurrection</ref> is not supported by our current understanding of human DNA.

== See also ==
* [http://immortality-roadmap.com/Resurrection.pdf The Map of the Resurrection of the Dead] from the [[Immortality Roadmap]] by [[Alexey Turchin]]
* [https://turingchurch.net/book-review-technological-resurrection-by-jonathan-jones-e651b8c78fb6 Book review: Technological Resurrection, by Jonathan Jones] by [[Giulio Prisco]] on [[Turing Church]]
* [http://www.newsweek.com/quantum-archaeology-quest-3d-bioprint-every-dead-person-back-life-837967 Quantum Archaeology: The Quest to 3D-Bioprint Every Dead Person Back to Life] - [[Zoltan Istvan]]

== References ==
[[Category:Posthumanism]]
[[Category:Spiritual transhumanism]]
[[Category:Religious transhumanism]]
[[Category:Life extensionism]]