Редактирование: Posthumanism

'''Posthumanism''' in a futurist context incorporates a number of different meanings.
{{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90cqkzzDT8U</embedvideo|500|right|High level analysis from [[Adam Ford]] talking about what posthumanism means, the conditions on which humanity will achieve 'posthuman' status and some discussion on positions posthumanists might take.  Originally created for Melbourne University for the [http://shaps.unimelb.edu.au/ School of Historical and Philosophical Studies]. }}

== Overview ==
Posthumanism has multiple unrelated and overlapping definitions and is generally a confusing term.<ref>[https://social-epistemology.com/2014/12/23/boundary-work-post-and-transhumanism-part-i-james-michael-macfarlane/ Boundary Work: Post- and Transhumanism, Part I, James Michael MacFarlane]</ref>
* [[Philosophical posthumanism]] - ''not'' a form of transhumanism
* Scenarios 'after humanity as we know it'
* [[Posthuman transhumanism]]

== Forms ==
=== As a critique of humanism ===
''Main:[[Philosophical posthumanism]]''

Posthumanism is often a critique of humanism especially in the context of human exceptionalism, sometimes known as [[antihumanism]].

Humanism, subjective relativism, is fundamentally based on the notion that: "The man is the measure of everything" (Protagoras), and posthumanism critiques this inherent human exceptionalism. Transhumanism is a part of Posthumanism, as Transhumanism specifies that humanity and human condition are defined by the technological context, so the "measure" mentioned by Protagoras changes in time<ref>[http://ieet.org/index.php/IEET/more/lagrandeur20140729 What is the Difference between Posthumanism and Transhumanism?, Kevin LaGrandeur, Ethical Technology]</ref>. This binds the transhumanism idea into the continuation of the philosophical humanist tradition. In Wikipedia, this definition is called: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posthumanism#Philosophical_posthumanism "Philosophical Posthumanism"].

=== Beyond humanity as we know it ===
Other applications of the term included a future subjugated by [[unfriendly AI]], [[aliens]], or other such stagnation of the human condition such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voluntary_Human_Extinction voluntary human extinction].

Examples of futurist posthumanism that doesn't address the human condition explicitly are:
* [[Space seeding]] advocates
* [[Abolitionism|Bioethical abolitionists]]
* [[Transanimists]] - advocates of spreading life throughout the universe
* [[Animal enhancement]] [http://ieet.org/index.php/IEET/more/dvorsky20110729 advocates]

=== As a developed form of transhumanism ===
''Main:[[Posthuman transhumanism]]''

[[Posthuman transhumanism]] can incorporate both 'what comes after' humanity and transhumanism, however is often used [[Transhumanist synonyms and closely related terms|synonymously]] with mainstream [[transhumanist philosophy|transhumanist philosophies]] in highly futuristic scenarios.

== External links ==
* {{wikipedia|Posthumanism}}
* {{wikipedia|Posthuman}}
* [http://radivis.com/paradigms-and-classification-of-upgraded-minds/ RadiVis:Paradigms And Classification Of Upgraded Minds]
== References ==
[[Category:Transhumanism]]
[[Category:Posthumanism]]