Редактирование: Artificial intelligence

{{Languages|Искусственный интеллект}}

'''Artificial intelligence''' (also '''AI''') refers to a software construct capable of near-human, human, or super-human levels of [[intelligence]].<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/technology/artificial-intelligence Artificial Intelligence]</ref> Defining characteristics of any AI include [[machine learning]].

AI is currently a major industry growth area and frequently used as a buzzword, similar to jargon such as 'big data'.

Open source projects to develop AI include [[OpenAI]] and [[OpenCog]].

== Types of AI ==

There are various types of AI which can generally be broken down into two categories; Weak AI and Strong AI.

TechnoPedia describes the differences between the two as; "Weak artificial intelligence is a form of AI specifically designed to be focused on a narrow task and to seem very intelligent at it. It contrasts with strong AI, in which an AI is capable of all and any cognitive functions that a human may have, and is in essence no different than a real human mind." <ref>[https://www.techopedia.com/definition/31621/weak-artificial-intelligence-weak-ai What is weak Artificial Intelligence?]</ref>

== In popular culture ==

AI has been featured heavily in many sci-fi films including [[A.I.]], [[Transcendence]], [[Ex Machina]] and [[Avengers: Age of Ultron]]

== Ethics and social impact ==

[[File:The Map of Artificial Intelligence Ethical Issues.png|thumb|<span style="background-color: yellow">Upper left</span>: [[Machine ethics]], [[technological unemployment]], [[algorithmic fairness]], [[autonomous weapons]], and other short-term issues ''caused by'' machine learning algorithms. <br><span style="background-color: lightgreen">Lower left</span>: Concerns related to the (moral or legal) treatment of AIs in the near term. See [[PETRL]] for some speculative ideas.<br><span style="background-color: pink">Upper right</span>: Concerns relating to artificial superintelligence and the [[AI Control Problem]]. [[MIRI]] mainly works on this corner.<br><span style="background-color: lightblue">Lower right</span>: [[Foundational Research Institute|FRI]] works on strategies to reduce suffering in the far-future, including the suffering of digital beings. (Some of their work bleeds into the top right corner as well.)]]
There are many different ethical concerns related to AI, which can best be understood by plotting them across two axes: time scale and agent vs. subject.

TODO: expand

Sources

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2976444

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1wAgBaJgEsg

https://jsteinhardt.wordpress.com/2015/06/24/long-term-and-short-term-challenges-to-ensuring-the-safety-of-ai-systems/

https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.06565

https://howwegettonext.com/when-does-an-artificial-intelligence-become-a-person-477c6bc3fdf3

https://www.reddit.com/r/AIethics/comments/4y2pof/machine_ethics_reading_list/

== See also ==

* [[AI risk]]
* [[Intelligence]]
* [[MIRI]]

== External links ==

* {{Wikipedia|Artificial Intelligence}}
* {{Wikipedia|Existential risk from artificial general intelligence}}
* {{reddit|ControlProblem}}

== References ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Artificial intelligence]]
[[Category:Emerging technologies]]
[[Category:Intelligence]]