Редактирование: APAF1

Apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 (APAF-1) [KIAA0413]

==Publications==

{{medline-entry
|title=Sperm-associated antigen 9 ([[SPAG9]]) promotes the survival and tumor growth of triple-negative breast cancer cells.
|pubmed-url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27449044
|abstract=Recently, we demonstrated the association of sperm-associated antigen 9 ([[SPAG9]]) expression with breast cancer. Among breast cancer, 15 % of the cancers are diagnosed as triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) based on hormone receptor status and represent an important clinical challenge because of lack of effective available targeted therapy. Therefore, in the present investigation, plasmid-based small hairpin (small hairpin RNA (shRNA)) approach was used to ablate [[SPAG9]] in aggressive breast cancer cell line model (MDA-[[MB]]-231) in order to understand the role of [[SPAG9]] at molecular level in apoptosis, cell cycle, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling. Our data in MDA-[[MB]]-231 cells showed that ablation of [[SPAG9]] resulted in membrane blebbing, increased mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA fragmentation, phosphatidyl serine surface expression, and caspase activation. [[SPAG9]] depletion also resulted in cell cycle arrest in G0-G1 phase and induced cellular senescence. In addition, in in vitro and in vivo xenograft studies, ablation of [[SPAG9]] resulted in upregulation of p21 along with pro-apoptotic molecules such as BAK, [[BAX]], BIM, [[BID]], NOXA, AIF, Cyto-C, [[PARP1]], [[APAF1]], Caspase 3, and Caspase 9 and epithelial marker, E-cadherin. Also, [[SPAG9]]-depleted cells showed downregulation of cyclin B1, cyclin D1, cyclin E, [[CDK1]], [[CDK4]], [[CDK6]], [[BCL2]], Bcl-xL, [[XIAP]], cIAP2, [[MCL1]], GRP78, SLUG, SNAIL, TWIST, vimentin, N-cadherin, [[MMP2]], [[MMP3]], [[MMP9]], SMA, and β-catenin. Collectively, our data suggests that [[SPAG9]] promotes tumor growth by inhibiting apoptosis, altering cell cycle, and enhancing EMT signaling in in vitro cells and in vivo mouse model. Hence, [[SPAG9]] may be a potential novel target for therapeutic use in TNBC treatment.
|mesh-terms=* Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
* Animals
* Apoptosis
* Blotting, Western
* Cell Proliferation
* Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
* Humans
* Immunoenzyme Techniques
* Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial
* Mice
* RNA, Small Interfering
* Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms
* Tumor Cells, Cultured
|keywords=* Apoptosis
* Cell growth
* Cellular motility
* SPAG9
* Senescence
* Triple-negative breast cancer
* Tumor growth
|full-text-url=https://sci-hub.do/10.1007/s13277-016-5240-6
}}