OAT
Ornithine aminotransferase, mitochondrial precursor (EC 2.6.1.13) (Ornithine delta-aminotransferase) (Ornithine--oxo-acid aminotransferase) [Contains: Ornithine aminotransferase, hepatic form; Ornithine aminotransferase, renal form]
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This study estimated the long-term changes of opioid agonist treatment (OAT) in quality of life (QOL) and quantified the quality-adjusted life years (QALY) from the loss of quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALE) in heroin users. A total of 1283 heroin users stratified by OAT were linked to the National Mortality Registry for 8 years (2006-2014) to obtain survival functions, which were extrapolated to lifetime by applying a rolling extrapolation algorithm to survival ratio between the sub-cohorts and age- and sex-matched referents simulated from vital statistics of Taiwan. We performed cross-sectional measurement of EQ-5D on 349 participants, including those with a valid state of OAT or non-OAT plus newly recruited consecutive patients, during 2015-2017 for utility values, while the QOL of referents were abstracted from the 2009 National Health Interview Survey. The QALE was calculated by summing the products of the mean QOL and survival rate throughout life. The QALE difference between the cohort and corresponding referents was the loss-of-QALE. QOL of the OAT group was significantly better than that of the non-OAT group in every domain of the EQ-5D, which was quantified to be 0.23 for utility after controlling for other variables. After extrapolation to 70 years, the estimated QALE and loss-of-QALE were 17.8 and 18.2 QALY for OAT subjects, respectively, while those of the non-OAT group were 9.2 and 27.9 QALY. Receiving OAT could reduce QALE lost by 9.7 QALYs compared with non-OAT after accounting for QOL differences along time and different age and sex distributions.
MeSH Terms
- Adult
- Analgesics, Opioid
- Cohort Studies
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Heroin Dependence
- Humans
- Life Expectancy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Quality of Life
- Quality-Adjusted Life Years
- Registries
- Taiwan
Keywords
- Heroin
- Opioid agonist treatment
- Quality-adjusted life expectancy
- Quality-adjusted life year
- Quality-of-life
- Utility
With aging, there is a reduction in mitochondrial activity, and several changes occur in the body composition, including increased adiposity. The dysfunction of mitochondrial activity causes changes and adaptations in tissue catabolic characteristics. Among them, we can mention brown adipose tissue (BAT). BAT's main function is lipid oxidation for heat production, hence playing a role in adaptive thermogenesis induced by environmental factors such as exercise. It is known that exercise causes a series of metabolic changes, including loss body fat; however, there is still no consensus in the academic community about whether both strength and aerobic exercise equally reduces adiposity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of strength training and aerobic exercise regimes on adiposity, proteins regulating mitochondrial activity, and respiratory complexes in BAT of old rats. The rats were divided in two control groups: young control (YC; N = 5), and old control (OC; N = 5), and two exercise groups: strength training (OST; N = 5), and aerobic treadmill training (OAT; N = 5). Rats were subjected to an 8-week exercise regime, and their body composition parameters were evaluated (total body weight, adiposity index, and BAT weight). In addition, mitochondrial biogenesis proteins (PGC-1α, SIRT1, and pAMPK) and respiratory chain activity (complexes I, II/III, III, and IV) were evaluated. Results showed that OST and OAT exercise protocols significantly increased the mitochondrial regulatory molecules and respiratory chain activity, while body fat percentage and adiposity index significantly decreased. Taken together, both OST and OAT exercise increased BAT weight, activity of respiratory complexes, and regulatory proteins in BAT and equally reduced body adiposity.
MeSH Terms
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases
- Adipose Tissue
- Adipose Tissue, Brown
- Adiposity
- Aging
- Animals
- Body Weight
- Electron Transport Chain Complex Proteins
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Mitochondria
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha
- Physical Conditioning, Animal
- Rats
- Sirtuin 1
- Thermogenesis
Keywords
- Adiposity
- Aging
- Brown adipose tissue
- Metabolism
- Physical exercise